Caffeine in Athletics Essays -- Nutrition Sports Health Essays

Caffeine in Athletics The world’s most popular drug is legal, inexpensive, and believed to amplify workouts. It supposedly motivates athletes and helps them stay alert and focused while also boosting physical endurance by twenty to fifty percent. This stimulant is found naturally in sixty-three plants and is consumed by eighty percent of Americans. This white, bitter, crystalline substance is known as caffeine, and is commonly consumed in efforts to enhance athletic ability (http://gopher1.bu.edu/COHIS/substance/caffeine/about.htm). Caffeine is a very popular stimulant among athletes because most believe that it provides energy, increases alertness, and quickens reaction time. When in beverage form, caffeine reaches all body tissues within five minutes of ingestion. However, peak blood levels are reached in thirty minutes. Therefore, many cyclists consume a cup of coffee half an hour before short races begin. Others drink a bottle of coke diluted with water during the last half of longer races (http://www.roble.net/marquis/caffeine). The use of caffeine is controversial in the sports world, because it is a stimulant. In fact, the UCI forbids drinking caffeine in large quantities prior to competitions. But, why is there such a desire amongst athletes to consume this drug? Are its results really that effective? To answer these questions one must investigate how caffeine works. How does it affect the body? The exact process by which it affects the body is unknown. It is suspected that caffeine affects the nervous system by altering the perception of effort and exciting the neurons responsible for contracting muscles. It may also be accountable for causing more fat and less... ...1. Kaminsky, Martin, and Whaley (1998) Caffeine consumption habits do not influence the exercise blood pressure response following caffeine ingestion. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 38, 53-8. Pasman, van Baak, Jeukendrup, and de Haan (1995) The effect of different dosages of caffeine on endurance performance time. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 16, 225-30. Tarnolpolsky (1994) Caffeine and endurance performance. Sports Medicine, 18, 109-25. Wemple, Lamb, and McKeever (1997) Caffeine vs caffeine-free sports drinks: effects on urine production at rest and during prolonged exercise. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 18, 40-6. William (1991) Caffeine, neuromuscular function and high-intensity exercise performance. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 31, 481- 9.

Apes to Man (Reaction Paper) Essay

Introduction Planet of Life: Apes to Man is narrated by Stacy Keach, presented by Discovery Channel. A must see documentary regarding the Theory of Evolution. Originally produced for Discovery Channel, each episode covers a separate chapter in the biography of the world. This episode examines the evolution with the use of computer animation. The film talks about how apes like Lucy, who is known to be a three million year old ape that walked upright or with two legs and revolutionized or grew and changed into one of the modern men and women who populate the world in every continent, nation and city today. The first stage in evolution is walking upright or with two legs just like Lucy did. The second is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak. Summary One hundred million years ago, dinosaurs walked the earth. They no longer exist today because of the asteroids that hit their home and eventually killed all of them. The earth, after some time, regained its life forces because some small creatures that got through the great tragedy that  put an end to the era of the dinosaurs. One of those creatures that survived were the purgatorious, one of earth’s oldest primates that may have evolved throughout the ages A new era of animals rose to the occasion to a new beginning and to starting a new kind of living amongst the changed world around them. One particular creature happened to explore and discover new things in its surroundings more advanced than others. In the late 18th century, Charles Darwin wrote a book called â€Å"Origin of Species†. The book was intriguing. People thought he was losing his mind because most men and women during his time were very religious and really close to God. They didn’t believe him until a team of French-American researchers in the year 1974 found evidences of early apes. But by that time I think Darwin’s unlikely friends and haters won’t be able to say it in front of him. The people who found Darwin’s inspirational evidence called it â€Å"Lucy†. Lucy is a 3 million year old ape and is the very first one to walk upright or with 2 legs because according to the researchers she had wide hips like humans do. Archeologists say Lucy walked like a modern pig mea chimpanzee and bonobo. After a few decades, Lucy got to the second stage of evolution. And that is having the ability to speak or make different kinds of sounds. This is the cause of the straightening of the spine which allows the neck to follow for them to be able to speak and the rest is history. What Lucy became is what all of us are now. Generalization Evolution has really helped and changed every individual for the better. It made us realize and understand how the real world worked in the early ages and how it affected all of us today. We are now where we belong and that gives everyone the chance and the blessings they deserve. Reflection Personally, I do not believe in this theory as per the teachings in the Bible. There is no contest to what the Bible says about us  being formed in the image of God. But, for arguments sake, and if I were to believe it, let me just say that Darwin may have misconstrued the facts or the things he has observed based on the physical and genetic similarities of man and apes. He based his findings on the fact that because apes were able to walk upright, we are their descendants and from other scientists’ findings on the similarities of man and apes from different eras. Other important human characteristics – such as a large and complex brain, the ability to make and use tools, and the capacity for language added to the basis for his theory. Early human fossils and archeological remains offer the most important clues about this ancient past. These remains include bones, tools and any other evidence left by earlier people. Usually, the remains were buried and preserved naturally. Thinking About You A tornado flew around my room before you came Excuse the mess it made, usually doesn’t rain In Southern California, much like Arizona My eyes don’t shed tears, they pour When I’m thinkin’ ‘bout you (Ooh no, no, no) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you (You know, know, know) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you Do you think about me still? Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever (Ooh no, no) Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever No, I don’t like you, I just thought you were cool Enough to kick it Got a beach house I could sell you in Idaho You don’t think I love you, I just thought you were cute That’s why I kissed you Got a fighter jet, I don’t fly it though Lyin’ down thinkin’ ‘bout you (Ooh no, no, no) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you (You know, know, know) I’ve been thinkin’ ‘bout you Do you think about me still? Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever (Oooh) Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever And I remember, how could I forget How you feel And though you were my first time A new feel And it won’t ever get old,not in my soul, Not in my spirit, keep it alive We’ll go down this road ‘Til it turns from color to black and white Or do you not think so far ahead? ‘Cause I been thinkin’ ‘bout forever(Oooh) (2x)

Essay on Science and Relgion - 1232 Words

Science and Relgion Science and religion have not always peacefully coexisted. There have been many issues where scientific discovery and religious belief have clashed. Religion is based on ancient belief passed down through generations. As humans discovered more and more about themselves, they found that many of the things that religion told could not true. This caused an incredible crisis between the pious religious and the scientific world, especially in the Western world where Christianity dominated society, and where these scientific discoveries were being made. It was difficult for people at first to believe in God and at the same time except these new scientific findings that negated many things that religion had told them.†¦show more content†¦Unfortuently, the church didn’t agree with Galileo. Philosopher Benedict de Spinoza also wanted to avoid the conflict between church and religion and felt that everything in the Universe was God and therefore the scientific inquiry of the t ime was important for discovering God’s true nature. Blaise Pascal also sought to keep religion and science united. He tried to show that Christianity was not contrary to reason. These men were obviously ahead of there time in understanding that religion texts are not science books, and thus it is up to mankind to discover the mysteries of our universe. The church was not so ahead of its time and were quick to excommunicate these scientific men. Many of the students of science and wealthy Europeans who learned of the advancements began to give up their religious pursuits, feeling that these findings proved that God did not exist. This was not the intent of these scientists, whose philosophy was usually that since the study of science helps men, and that is good, God must look favorably upon these pursuits. This era in history sparked a tradition of scientists giving up belief in God, and of religious men giving up a belief in science. The scientists did not completely give up on God, and a new religion that was thought up by philosophers and scientists of the time of enlightenment was put into practice. This religion was known as deism, and while it believed in a superior being in the universe, It did notShow MoreRelatedEssay on Modern Britain as a Secular Society886 Words   |  4 PagesSecularisation was in fact occurring and that Religion holds less importance now than it had done in the past. Wilson used Positivist methods such as analysing statistics to support his claim. Apparently Wilson thought the significance of Relgion could be measured, and so he collected data from such Social Indicators as church attendance, baptisms, weddings, closure of churches and growth in religious Sects. The results showed that there was a decline in Religious activity. For Read MoreThe World Is Too Much with Us1520 Words   |  7 Pageseven rarer person who believes we dont need things to be complete, happy and to survive. Humans have evolved past the point of struggeling to survive. Our mortality rate has dropped so low that more humans are born faster than die. Advances in sciences and medicine have increased our possible lifespan to an even 100 years old. The gift of our minds is a double edge sword. We move foward in effenciacy but even further from satisfaction. In modern day people are concerned with earning and spendingRead MorePluralism in Islam3199 Words   |  13 Pagesare obliged to help him,† He narrated the verse: â€Å"Only argue with the People of the Book in the kindest way†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚  (Anqabut, 29/46). -Ibn Hisham These Hadiths are considered to be a foundation for the protection of the People of the Book and other relgions in Muslim ruled countries.11 Rights of Dhimmis 1. Allowed to perform their religious rituals and worship 2. Keep intact their house of Worship 3. The security of God is equal for all groups12 4. Non-Muslim members have equal political and culturalRead MoreResourceing Talent3347 Words   |  14 Pagesduring hiring and employment of employees this has a direct impact on recruitment practices and organisatioanl objectives. An employer can no longer seek out prefered individuals bases on non job related factors such as physcial appearance, sex or relgion background. Secondly trade unions play a very important role in recruitment. The Unions restrict recruiting sources. The Unions determines who can apply and who has the priority in selection. It restricts management freedom to select the best employeesRead MoreThe Influence Of Age, Religion, And Intergroup Contact6284 Words   |  26 Pagesstarted in 1972 and completed its 30th round in 2014. For the last 40 years, the GSS has been monitoring societal change and the growing complexity of American society. The GSS is the largest project funded by the Sociology Program of the National Science Foundation. The typical samp le size was 1,500 prior to 1994, but increased to 2,700-3,000 until 2008 and decreased to 2,000-2,500 for the most recent surveys. Resulting margins of error are between +/- 3.1 for the smaller sample sizes and +/- 2.2

Condi Reflection - 954 Words

Personal Relevance I see the similarities between Condi and me. I grew up influenced by Korean culture and spent years learning Spanish in school. In the military, I am in my fourth career field. These experiences have helped me remain aware of and deal with diverse individuals and the similarities between them. After working in other disciplines, two Christmas’s ago I came back to the Comm world. My first impression was that my new shop had the lowest morale of any I had experienced in my career. They hated coming to work, many wanted to separate, go guard, or just PCS. They thought their leadership underappreciated them and no one cared about them. They felt they had been abused with additional duties and were never recognized†¦show more content†¦Once the BTZ packages were written, all the SNCOs and officers in the squadron got together for the murder board. We tweaked the first Airman’s package spending hours working on wording it just right. It was tough work, but easy to do because there were more bullets and information than we needed. Once that one was finished, we pulled up the second one. That package was not complete. It was missing half the bullets we would need. All of us worked on it, because Chief insisted it needed to be submitted to the Wing. He convinced us that this Airman’s supervisor was deployed and he deserved it. We had fallen into the ethical trap of Loyalty Syndrome, due to our respect for the Chief. We worked on the second package, even calling the Airman who was on leave, to ask for more information. He could not provide anything useful. When we found that he had no volunteer bullets from the past year or more, the Chief directed him to help out in a local soup kitchen the next day. That should have triggered Healthy Skepticism, but I continued work on the BTZ package. Then during the murder board, Chief set up the Airman to lead a Top 3 sponsored highway cleanup that would occur after the package was due. In the end, the Chief worked on the package by himself for a few days, but even he finally realized he had made a wrong decision. We all lacked Healthy Skepticism thatShow MoreRelatedaccounting questions5035 Words   |  21 Pagesa company at   a particular point in time.  Ã‚   The balance sheet lists the assets, liabilities, and equity of the company.   Reflect on your pe rsonal financial situation, can you apply the concepts of the balance sheet?   What did you learn from this reflection? 4) Week One Exercise Assignment Basic Accounting Equations 1. Basic concepts. Jeans Marine Supply specializes in the sale of boating equipment and accessories. Identify the items that follow as an asset (A), liability (L), revenue (R), or expense

Case Study Starbuckss Success - 1571 Words

Overview Of The Firm Starbucks was founded by Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegl in Seattle, Washington on March 30, 1971. To help build their shop, Seigl went to California to learn from a coffee legend Alfred Peet, his â€Å"approach to coffee beans became the cornerstone for Starbucks s reputation: high-grade arabica beans, roasted to a dark extreme by a trained perfectionist roaster† (Business Insights) After a few years the corporation went public, Starbucks was experiencing rapid growth and success in their industry. In 1993, the chain had 275 stores and 425 in 1994. In addition to their success, they announced a partnership with Pepsi-Cola in 1995 to develop new ready-to-drink coffee beverages; this was the birth of Frappucino†¦show more content†¦Latin America is composed of 23 countries. The most influential country during the early 2000’s was Mexico, followed by Argentina and Brazil. Starbucks took in account the economic changes that Mexico was doing with the help of the World Trade Organization. Starbucks saw potential profit with this possible market penetration. Not only that but shipping of any supplies between the Host Country (Mexico) and the Home Country (United States) was going to be cost effective and fast due to the distance. Challenges and/or Barriers Economic Through out the past 7 years, Mexico’s economy has been slowly improving. When you go to Mexico you can see bigger shopping malls, spas, American food chains, and exclusive restaurants. This is due to an increase of the middle class. Currently in 2016, Mexico’s GDP is $2.1 trillion, this is 2.1% growth compared to last year. This means $17,881 per capita. Mexico has lowered tariff and non-tariff barriers through trade agreements. Oil and gas reserves are owned by the government, but the energy sector is being private. The financial sector has become more competitive and open in spite of the challenging global environment. Banking system remains stable, and foreign participation has grown rapidly due to the growth in their economy Starbucks’ first Latin America location opened in Mexico City (Capital of Mexico), 2002. During this time, Mexico’s economy was going

The Health Condition Dementia Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: Describethe Health Condition Dementia. Answer: Dementia: Dementia is a group of diseases which causes long duration and steady loss in ability to think and memorize. As a result, there is negative impact on the daily functioning of the person. Most common symptoms associated with dementia are emotional dilemma, difficulty in speech and language and diminished motivation. However, there is no effect on persons consciousness in persons with dementia (Cerejeira et al., 2012). Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia. Other causes with less prevalence include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, normal pressure hydrocephalus, Parkinson's disease and syphilis. Diagnosis of dementia generally based on the medical history of the patient, cognitive testing comprising of mental state examination, medical imaging and blood testing. There is lack of treatment for dementia. However, cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil can be beneficial in recovering from mild to moderate dementia. Abundant literature comprising of clinical trials is available for the effectiveness of donepezil in dementia (Rolinski et al., 2012). Cognitive and behavioral interventions can also be useful in improving condition of the patient. Education, emotional support and exercise can be helpful in improving outcomes in terms of activities of daily living. Signs and symptoms of dementia include balance difficulty, tremor, eating problem, speech problem, memory decline, restlessness, visual problem, agitation, anxiety, impulsivity, delusions, loss of appetitie and sleep disorder (Bourgeois and Hickey, 2011; Dorothy et al., 2015; Larson et al., 2013). Prevalance of Dementia: In Australia, 8.8 % people of age 65 and above have dementia. Approximately, 43 % people of age 85 and above has dementia. Approximately, 1 % people below age 60 are associated with dementia. 50 % of the aged people in the Australian Government funded aged care facilities are associated with dementia. In 2013, it was estimated that dementia was the second prominent cause of death in Australia. Death due to dementia was estimated to be 7.4 % of all deaths. Median age of people with death due to dementia was 88 years (AIHW, 2015). In Japan, 21 % people above 65 years of age are associated with dementia. Projected number of people with dementia is estimated to be 42.3 million by 2020 and 81.1 million by 2040 (Prince et al., 2016). Treatment of Dementia: Psychologial therapies, medications and non-medication therapies can be provided to the patient for treatment and management of dementia. Psychological therapies for dementia include music therapy, reminiscence therapy, cognitive reframing, validation therapy and mental exercises. Improvement in the dementia in psychological therapies can be evaluated by using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In psychological therapies different scales like Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF) and Todai-shiki Observational Rating Scale (TORS) can be used to assess improvement in the patient. Music therapy in the young people would be helpful in memorizing the names. Reminiscence therapy uses history in the written and oral form for improving psychological condition of the patient. Research indicated that reminiscence therapy is useful in improving cognitive function and quality of life of patient. Reminiscence therapy is useful in dement ia of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia type (Langa et al., 2014). Cognitive reframing deals with the identification of the unreasonable thoughts and correcting it. From the literature, it is evident that application of cognitive reframing helped in improving memory of the people. In cognitive reframing people should be told that they can improve their memory by changing their opinion about dementia. Validation therapy is based on the acknowledgement of the others opinions, however there is very less evidence available for the implementation of this therapy in dementia. Cognitive training is based on the principle that cognitive capability can be improved by performing exercise by the brain (Lochhead et al., 2016). Medications for dementia cant improve actual disease process, however these can improve cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor like donepezil proved useful in different types of dementia like Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker like memantine also proved useful in dementia. Donepezil and memantine can be used in combination for dementia because their mechanisms of action are different (Alsaeed et al., 2016). Non-medication therapies like occupational therapy, modification in the environment and modification of tasks can be implemented for the management of dementia. Occupational therapy deals with the making safe home and coping behaviors. By this accidents and risk behaviors can be avoided. Modification of the environment involves reducing noise, hence dementia person can concentrate more on the given task. Modifying tasks involve proper structuring of the activities, hence, there would be less confusion in the person with dementia (Farina, 2012). Health Professionals: Psychologist should be involved in the management of dementia. Psychologist can provide their services at different settings like homes, residential care facilities, clinics and hospitals. Psychologist perform different tasks like assessment of type of dementia, counseling to patient and family members, assistance to staff, education to patient, family members and staff, guidance to improve daily functions and provision of evidence based dementia management. Prognosis and diagnosis along with future planning and decision making are the most important roles played by the psychologist. Psychologist are well versed with decision making, relevant legislation and skills related to dementia. Psychologist has important role in the treatment of patients with life-long dementia because management of these patients is difficult for the healthcare staff in hospitals and clinics. Psychologist plays important role in diffentiating dementia form other psychological conditions like delirium and dep ression (Moonga and Likupe, 2016; Molinuevo et al., 2013). Nurse can build effective communication and interaction with dementia patient to build trust. This trust can be helpful in accurate assessment of the patient. Nurse can empower dementia people by providing ideal environment for the people with dementia. Nurse should understand behavior of the dementia patient and make them feel more relaxed, safe and sound. Nurse should inform exact condition of patient honestly to patient and family members and provide person centered and family centered care. Patients with dementia may forget to take medications, hence nurse should make sure that patients are consuming medications on the scheduled timings. If patient is not taking medications due to psychological issues, nurse should put this issue in meeting and discussion comprising of nurse, doctor, pharmacist and family members and should take best decision in interest of patient. Nurse also should take care of adequate intake of fluid and nutrition, exercise and use of toilets for dementia pat ients because they may be forget it (Lipton and Marshall, 2012; Rahman, 2017). Financial impact: Dementia condition has significant impact on the financial aspects of family and community. It is reported that 1/3 of the people with job has to quit their job or reduce working hours due to dementia. Approximately 15 % of the people have to sell their personal belongings to earn money for medical and psychological management of dementia. Approximately 50 % people reported that they have to spend their savings for cure of dementia condition. Moreover, in most of the parts of the world dementia care doesnt come under insurance policies and there are no subsidies for the management of dementia (van Vliet et al., 2010). In dementia condition financial burden is also more because improper diagnosis of the condition. In dementia patients multiple psychological factors are involved. Hence, it would be difficult for the doctor to make accurate diagnosis. Inaccurate diagnosis may lead to the wrong treatment to the patients. This leads to the unnecessary and unproductive spending on the deme ntia condition. There is no fixed protocol available for the management of dementia because dementia management may vary from person to person, which may lead to financial burden on family members and community. Dementia can also increase national spending on the management of dementia. There should be allocation of one of the family members for the management of dementia. In such cases, caregiver person cant concentrate on the job or has to leave the job. It has double impact on the financial condition of the family. Family has to spend money on the treatment of dementia and additionally there would less income for the family due to jobless members of the family. Dementia condition mainly occurs in the elderly persons. In general, elderly people are non-earning people and there is more spending on them for dementia treatment. Persons with dementia may be with less movement. It can lead to other complications like obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Treatment of these additional com plications may lead to extra financial burden on family members (MacKinlay and Trevit, 2012; Coope and Richards, 2014). References Quote Dementia is not exclusively a problem of developed world Julie Bishop. (UN News Centre, https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=50339#.WQRU79Lytdg) Graph: Age distribution of deaths, by Indigenous status, age and sex, 2009-2013 (AIHW, 2016 https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2016/population-groups/) References: Alsaeed, D., Jamieson, E., Gul, M.O., and Smith, F.J. (2016). Challenges to optimal medicines use in people living with dementia and their caregivers: A literature review. International Journal of Pharmacology, 512(2), 396-404. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) , (2015). Dementia. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/dementia/ on 27.04.2017. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), (2016). Health of population groups, Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2016/population-groups/ on 30.04.2017. Bourgeois, M.S., and Hickey, E. (2011). Dementia: From Diagnosis to Management - A Functional Approach. Taylor Francis. Cerejeira, J., Lagarto, L., and Mukaetova-Ladinska, E.B. (2012). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Frontiers of Neurology, 3(73). doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00073. Coope, B., and Richards, F. (2014). ABC of Dementia. John Wiley Sons. Dorothy, F., Forbes, S. C., Blake, C. M., Thiessen, E. J., and Forbes, S. (2015). Exercise programs for people with dementia. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4), CD006489. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006489. Farina, E. (2012). Dementia: Non-pharmacological Therapies. Nova Science Publishers. Langa, K.M., and Levine, D.A. (2014). The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: a clinical review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 312(23), 255161. Larson, E.B., Yaffe, K., Langa, K.M. (2013). New insights into the dementia epidemic. The New England Journal of Medicine, 369(24), 22757 Lochhead, J.D., Nelson, M.A., and Maguire, G.A. (2016). The treatment of behavioral disturbances and psychosis associated with dementia. Psychiatria Polska, 50(2), 311-22 Lipton, A.M., and Marshall, C.D. (2012). The Common Sense Guide to Dementia For Clinicians and Caregivers. Springer Science Business Media. MacKinlay, E., and Trevit, C. (2012). Finding Meaning in the Experience of Dementia. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Moonga, J., and Likupe, G. (2016). A systematic literature review on nurses' and health care support workers' experiences of caring for people with dementia on orthopaedic wards. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25, (13-14), 1789-804. Molinuevo, J. L., Cummings, J. I., Dubois, B., and Scheltens, P. (2013). Early Diagnosis and Intervention in Predementia Alzheimer's Disease, An Issue of Medical Clinics. Elsevier Health Sciences. Prince, M., Gemma-Claire, A., Malenn, G., Prina, A. M., Emiliano, A., and Yu-Tzu, W. (2016). Recent global trends in the prevalence and incidence of dementia, and survival with dementia. Alzheimer's Research Therapy, 8(23). DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0188-8. Rahman, S. (2017). Enhancing Health and Wellbeing for Living with Dementia: Care Homes and Care at Home. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Rolinski, M., Fox, C., Maidment, I., and McShane, R. (2012). Cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease dementia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 3, CD006504. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006504. UN News Centre, https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=50339#.WQRU79Lytdg, retrieved on 27.04.2017 van Vliet, D., de Vugt, M.E., Bakker, C., Koopmans, R.T., Verhey, F.R. (2010). Impact of early onset dementia on caregivers: a review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(11), 1091-100.

English Literature and Composition Essay Example For Students

English Literature and Composition Essay Laughter occurs frequently throughout One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey. Not only is laughter used to create a lighter feel throughout parts of the book, but it is an important part of many characters’ development. Through the use of diction, figurative language, and syntax, Kesey illustrates the theme that laughter is the ultimate cure.  Through diction, Kesey is able to demonstrate the healing power laughter has. As the boys go out on the boat, they’re all running frantically around the ship, yet McMurphy is â€Å"just laughing† (Kesey 248). The use of the absolute â€Å"just† helps add significance to the laughter in the scene. By â€Å"just† laughing, McMurphy is demonstrating himself the healing power that laughter has. He isn’t focusing on any problems, of his own or of the other patients, and he’s displaying his personality and identity by laughing. McMurphy’s laughter is just the start of the healing process for all of the boys. McMurphy’s laughter quickly becomes contagious to the boys, and â€Å"Harding is collapsed beside McMurphy and is laughing†¦.and Sefelt and the doctor, and all† (250). The repetition of the word â€Å"and† is extremely significant. As Chief uses the word â€Å"and† to continue adding on to the list of people who are laughing, he is adding people on to a list of the people who are beginning their personal healing process and finding themselves again. With every person that joins in on the laughter, the more effective and powerful the healing power of the laughter is. The immense amounts of laughter boost the boys’ confidence and help bring back their personalities. The laughter â€Å"swell the men bigger and bigger† (250), not only building them up in that moment, but permanently. As the laughter continues, each man on the boat regains his sense of being and who he is as a person. Simply by laughing, the boys re-establish who they are as people, and cure themselves of their loss of identity. The use of figurative language is another technique used to present the theme that laughter is the ultimate cure. As McMurphy laughs, it’s so genuine that he â€Å"spread his laugh out across the water† (250). While his laugh doesn’t actually spread out across the water, it’s so hearty and full that it can’t help but consume the atmosphere. By spreading his laugh out, McMurphy also distributes it out to each of the boys on the boat. His laughter quickly leads to theirs, which becomes their ultimate healing tool. The overwhelming spread of laughter takes over all the boys, and they â€Å"swing a laughter that rang out on the water in ever-widening circles†¦in wave after wave after wave† (250). The powerful spread of their laughter indicates the growth of their individuality. Just as the laughter spreads across the ocean, the regaining of identity spreads across the entire ship, curing all of the boys from their entrapment an inability to be themselves. As Chief laughs, he feels as if he is â€Å"off the boat, blown up off the water†¦high above myself† (250). Chief feeling as if he is lifted above himself represents how he is finally lifted out of the trap of his lost identity. With laughter, he is cured of his confinement to conformity and is able to discover his true self again. Syntax is also used to demonstrate how laughter is an ultimate cure. All of the boys are having a difficult time on the boat at first, and they all ask for help, â€Å"And McMurphy was just laughing† (248). By separating the phrase â€Å"And McMurphy was just laughing†, a larger emphasis is placed on the idea of laughter. By stating that McMurphy was simply laughing, Kesey is demonstrating the idea that laughter is simply an enjoyable moment that requires nothing more than being one’s self. McMurphy standing there laughing is the start of the release for the boys, which leads to their healing later on the boat. .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .postImageUrl , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:hover , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:visited , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:active { border:0!important; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:active , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dramatic Devices EssayAs chaos escalates, everyone becomes even more frantic, â€Å"While McMurphy laughs† (249). Once again, Kesey separates McMurphy’s laughter from the passage because it is the true factor in the healing of the boys. McMurphy’s laugh is so significant in the healing process for every single boy, and by allowing the concept of McMurphy’s laughter stand alone, it brings more emphasis onto how important of a role his laughter plays in the ultimate curing of the boys. Syntax is also used to describe how McMurphy views his life and how â€Å"he won’t let the pain blot out the humor no more’n he’ll let the hum or blot out the pain† (250). The use of the chiasmus makes it evident that even though McMurphy is suffering just as the other boys are, he won’t let it ruin who he is and what he enjoys in life. The realization by Chief that McMurphy’s laughter is his way of keeping his identity helps Chief and the other boys use laughter to find their own identities, which leads to them being cured of their loss of individuality.  By presenting laughter frequently throughout the novel, Kesey demonstrates the idea that laughter is important to one’s identity. By using various literary techniques such as diction, figurative language, and syntax, the theme that laughter is the ultimate cure becomes widely applicable to the novel.