Politics in Modern Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Politics in Modern Art - Essay warningThe essay Politics in Modern Art investigates politics in modern art. The exquisite impetus against the polity during the 1960s and 1970s is particularly high in California. Here, there is a striking throng of political agitation and passionately engaged art. The San Francisco Bay area took the lead role nationally with the initiation of the free speech movement.Then, the state gave birth to the Beat and hippie countercultures, which was responsible for many profound genial change across the country. In writing about the contemporary art Peter Selz, Susan Landauer observed dapple the civil rights and peace movements grew simultaneously in cities nationwide, California played a significant role in their development. In their wake came the Chicano labor movement in the San Joaquin Valley, the revolutionary Black Panther Party in Oakland, as well as some of the most radical manifestations of gay liberation, Red Power, and environmental activi sm. on the whole of these activities was accompanied by an outpouring of political art unmatched elsewhere in the United States. juvenile commentary of the subject to date has been made by Richard Candida Smiths Utopia and Dissent Art, Poetry, and Politics in California. Candida explored and examined the ideological , socioeconomic and historic roots of both political ferment of the recent times and its artistic expression. He pointed out that many of the values of liberty and dissent taken up by the wise Left were first articulated by the community of artists and poets.

Intervention plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intervention plan - Essay ExampleApparently, her awing memories of such a traumatic experience were triggered when she and her workmates visited a friends farm in the country. While in the farm, she had flashes of her painful childhood memories which she thought she has forgotten over the years. However, the sights, smells, sounds, etc. of the farm sole(prenominal) made the flashbacks more vivid.Sherry was only four years senior when her grandfather began sexually molesting her in his vitamin B complex. He did this to her until she was nine years old when she and her family had to move to another city due to her fathers employment. Sherry used to adore her grandfather because he brought her on trips around the country side and had ready treats for her every time she and her parents came to visit him and her grandmother. It is in the barn when he would sexually abuse her in the guise of pretend round. Sherry did not enjoy that kind of play at all and felt uncomfortable with her g randfathers touch. Even if she was already toilet trained, she would sometimes soil her underwear in the hope that her grandfather will not rape her. Although he told her that it was their clandestine and she was not supposed to tell anyone, she tried to tell her mother when she was five years old, and in response, she was spanked, in the belief that she was lying. She never told anyone again.Bowlbys Attachment Theory (1969) is one theory that explains the development of attachment of children to their square others. It posits that a persons real relationships in the earliest stages of life shape his or her selection functions as he or she grows and develops throughout the life span. To Sherry, her attachment relationships to both her grandfather and mother may have been shattered by her disappointment in them. Ringel (2012) contends that children like Sherry develop disorganized attachments alternating amidst ambivalent and avoidant behaviors as well as dissociative behaviors like

Legal Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Legal Philosophy - Essay pillowcaseIt is not possible to choose one over the other and nor is it possible to stand in surrounded by and interrupt the constant tension brought about by it cyclic relation. Whether a particular sub judice ism is merely an abstraction or of practical value is one that is constantly changing in the driveway of history where old philosophies are constantly revived and injected with new vigor and applied to new contexts which hurry to further growth of commandment itself.The application of heavy philosophy is found in in a different branch of police force, in legality practice, legislation and legal adjudication particularly, and because of this many are of the opinion that jurisprudence does not have value in day to day life. This problem is aggravated by the human beings errors of lawyers, public officials and other people educated in the nuances of law.The mental stimulations and practical value of jurisprudence is scoop out studied and det ermined from the tension of the dichotomies of theoretical traditions particularly between legal positivism and natural legalism, legal formalism and legal realism, public choice theories and critical legal studies, liberal and socialist-progressive ideologies, indeterminacy/mystification and determinacy of judicial decisions, and of subjectivism and structuralism.Lon L. Fuller (1981)2, on the purpose of legal philosophy, saysAs I see it, the object of legal philosophy is to give an effective and meaningful direction to the work of lawyers, judges, legislatures, and law teachers. If it leaves the activities of these men untouched, it it has no implications for the question of what they do with their working days, then legal philosophy is a failure.Legal Positivism versus Natural Law Theory. For legal positivists, rights are are such and are legal if and only if they are declared to be such by the sovereign legal authority. From their viewpoint, the government exists before the righ t. The sovereign, in the form of legislature or administrator with constitutional legislative powers or an administrative body enacting regulations with status of law, being the exclusive source of law must grant a right otherwise it does not exist.The magistrate only enforces the strictures of the law.For legal positivists, the criterion for daring of law is posited by the sovereing and is other than morality because for them, it is in no sense a necessary the true that laws reproduce or satisfy certain demands of morality, though, in fact they have often done so. (Hart, p.181-2)3 The law as a social construct is the premise. The moral and political aspect of law is not denied, provided positivism insists that the descriptive or conceptual

Nancy Morejon Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nancy Morejon - Essay ExampleThere she absorbed and assimilated Afro-Cuban culture until she identified herself with the very meat of her beloved Havana (Cordones-Cook 200333).Cordones-Cook (2003) asserts that Morejon in her poetry projects a clearly matrilineal sense that establishes connection and filiation, a kind of sympathetic female bonding, with legendary female ancestors. Gonzalez (2005) would understand this as Morejns poems referring to Yoruba deities, known as orishas, and recognise the living dead, the eggun or ancestors. She said Morejon dominates these poetic spaces with words of wisdom from both the African ancestors and the orishas, who exercise their immortal influence.A study of her poems suggests that Morejn is obsessed with her past, and often uses poetry as a way of exploring it. It is in those poems that she revisits Africa, encounters the grandparents she never met, and experiences the hardships of slavery. As a result, she often gives voice to people who d ont normally have one. Morejn is a strong truster that ancestors and loved ones who have passed on, continue to affect peoples daily lives.Honoring the living dead or the ancestors may be seen from the perspective of communicating with them because of Frustrations in soulal life as Xianglong (2007) would see it. Xianglong (2007) looked into filial consciousness into the thinking that intersects the past and future. Accordingly, frustrations in personal life are one occasion for a person to bridge the time and reach out to the dead. Indeed, in Morejons culture, the pot liquor of ancestors are spiritual guides (Gonzalez-Wippler 199876). After death, spirits are said to remain around their relatives here on earth, for protection and guidance. Invoked in every ghostlike ritual, they often participate in family decisions, giving their approval or disapproval in family affairs. Morejns poem, In mien of a Mirror, refers to the importance of our dead ones and how present they are in t heir daily livesIf the parks blossom copious with fresh tulips then the boulevard brings in the scents of your loved ones, and, above all, of your dead ones. (Morejn in Looking inside 109) Morejon is conscious that the dead are ever with them - participating in their present conditions. Maier (2005) asserts that one poem closely identified with Morejon is Persona. This poem, according to David Frye (2000), is a relatively recent one (1999), but it is also an update of the prior Mujer negra (Black Woman). In Mujer Negra (Black Woman) she moves through various generations discussing immigration, slavery, poverty, rebellion and the independence movement (from Spain), and finally, avowal of the Afro-Cuban as a human being after 1959. According to Maier (2005), this poem emphasizes the slaves point of view, and demonstrates the influence of ideologic freedom found in the Cuban Revolution. She underscores the racial together with the feminist dimensions of Cuban nationalism by making the Black woman the central figure and the protagonist of the contemporary eraBlack Woman, and Persona, exemplifies swell the characteristics for which Morejon and her work are known and admired. These traits include a strong identification with her family, with the

An Exposition and Evaluation of Descartes' Arguments for the Claim Essay

An Exposition and Evaluation of Descartes Arguments for the Claim that the Mind is not Identical to the Body - fuelvass ExampleAccording to Descartes It is true that I may have (or to anticipate, that I certainly have) a automobile trunk that is very closely joined to me. But nevertheless, on the one hand, I have a fleet and distinct musical theme of myself, in so far as I am simply a sentiment, non-extended thing and on the former(a) hand I have a distinct idea of body, in so far as this is simply an extended, non-thinking thing. And accordingly, it is certain that I am really distinct from my body, and undersurface exist without it. (54) From the argument above, Descartes is trying to take that he has a swooning and distinct idea of himself and at the same time, he has a sink and distinct idea of body. He therefore concludes that his having a actualize and distinct idea of himself serves as enough proof that the mind exists, and that his having a clear and distinct idea of body directly implies that his body exists separately from the mind, and is therefore different from it. It is also interesting to note that his clear and distinct idea of himself is simply a thinking, non-extended thing and how he perceives the body is simply an extended, non-thinking thing. This therefore brings us to the idea that Descartes argument of separation of the mind from the body, or of the body from the mind, is simply based on the case of extension and capacity to think. Descartes therefore, in making the distinction between mind and body, does not consider the separate qualities of the mind except its capacity to think and its not being extended, and he also therefore does not take into consideration the other qualities of the body except its lack of capacity to think and its being extended. Therefore, by simply emphasizing the non-extendedness and thinking capacity of the mind, and by equally emphasizing the extendedness and thinking incapacity of the body, Desc artes instanter sees the distinction between the body and the mind. There might, however, be some objections regarding this. First, Descartes may have failed to take into cast that by emphasizing the distinction between the mind and the body, it does not follow that one can say that the mind is not identical to the body. The fact that one can be perceived distinctly from the other cannot therefore plight that one is not identical to the other. Of course, Descartes may be correct at this, besides still there is a possibility that he may be perceiving only the different qualities of honest One Thing. It therefore could be possible that this One Thing may simply have the attributes of thinking and non-extension at times, and those of non-thinking and extension at other times. Descartes then may have made a geological fault by equating such distinct qualities as qualities of two distinct objects (body and mind), when in fact they can simply be distinct qualities of one object. Sec ond, Descartes clear and distinct perception of the mind and the body cannot guarantee that mind and body are different from each other because it is possible that Descartes perception may be subjective or impaired. Descartes was only human and, human as he was, he may not have been that accurate in perceiving such a clear and distinct mind and a clear and distinct body. How sure is Descartes in the whole of the Meditations that what he is actually perceiving is the mind or the body, and how sure is he that the mind remains thinking and non-

Ethics of Medic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethics of Medic - Essay caseThis is termed as the principle of sympathy. They have to take actions that supply the welfare of affected roles. In this case, the nurse had the obligation of ensuring that the chemotherapy was halt since the boy saw no chances of surviving. However, in this case, there seems to be a conflict between beneficence and autonomy principles of ethics. Ashcroft et al (2007) acknowledge that the principle of autonomy realizes the rights of people to self-determination, and is based on the societys respect for peoples aptitude to make knowledgeable decisions about personal issues. In this case, the affected roles personal decision conflicted with his personal welfare. The nurse has a responsibility of ensuring the patients welfare and carrying out the new, aggressive course of chemotherapy. In many situations, nurses have administered medication to patients without informing them of the benefits or consequences of much(prenominal) a medication. According to Ashcroft et al (2007), a patient should be fully aware of the implications of any medication administered to him or her. An uninformed person or patient is at the danger of making choices and decisions that are not as per his or her wishes or will. Medical practitioners can only make decisions on a patient on medication only if the individual is incapacitated. The nurses action to follow the physicians instructions to administer the antidepressant medication to all patients was unhonorable. The nurse should have informed the physician that it was unethical and that the patients needed to be aware of the medication they receive in the hospital. Medical health practitioners have colossal avowed that they are obligated to avoid doing harm to their patients. In this case, the physician and the nurse are against the ethical maxim of non-malfeasance.

Research philosophies and principles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Research philosophies and principles - Essay ExampleThe postmodern moment (1990-1995) 6. The postexperimental head moment (1995-2000) 7. The methodologically contested present (2000-2010) 8. The future moment (2010-). In each of the eight moments, various things are included in the definition of qualitative enquiry (Jessor, Colby and Shweder, 1996, p. 129). However, it is customary to offer a generic wine definition of the qualitative question here Qualitative research is a kind of research that is found on a relativistic, constructivist ontology that posits that there is no objective reality. Rather, there are multiple realities constructed by sympathetic beings who experience a phenomenon of interest (Krauss, 2005, p. 760). Researchers commonly adopt the qualitative methodology when they want to alter things for the wear out or want to bring a transport. Therefore, advocacy and empathy are two of the most essential elements of the research workers lifestyle (Stake, 2010, p . 14). This paper evaluates and compares the research philosophies and principles of four research papers related to tourism. All of the research papers are based on qualitative research but have different research paradigms. 1. Visiting death and life dark tourism and slave castles by Rasul A. Mowatt and Charles H. Chancellor Mowatt and Chancellor (2011) selected gold coast for their research since this country has most number of West African Slave Castles i.e. 36 out of the come up 52 that have remained. Mowatt and Chancellor (2011) used interviews, photo elicitation and analysis of the tourists narratives in their methodology. The reflect problematical 14 African descents eight of whom were females and six were males. All of them were from the US. The researchers agreed upon the non-generalizability of the research results. As such the results from this study are not generalizable. A second sample could have yielded a confirmation or disagreement in responses and behaviors wi th this sample (Mowatt and Chancellor, 2011, p. 1428). Research carried out by Mowatt and Chancellor (2011) is an exploratory research wherein the researchers dont come with preconceived notions about the tourists motivations. This research was a mix of the modernist, critical representation and blurred genres moments of research. In course of their research, Mowatt and Chancellor (2011) found that although there is a lot of disparity in the ethnic identities of the fundamental Africans and the African Americans that have been away from their indigenous place for centuries, yet they still relate to one some other and shed away all their time-bound differences when they make a visit to the Ghanaian Slave Castles. The researchers found a special bond between the tourists and the Castles, which had remained unaffected despite their distance from their native land or change in their social identities that has occurred over the time. The factor of symbolic interactionism reflects in th e tourists discomfort with the White people in the post-visit stage. It suggests that the tourists consider the slavery a racial matter in which the Black race has always been ladened by the White. The fact that the researchers made use of photographs as a means to achieve the research objectives in addition to conducting the in-depth interviews with them and studying their ethnography makes this research relate to the blurred genres moment of research. Also, the researchers personal or gifted biographies dont show up in the research which further promotes the blurred genre

Auditing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Auditing - Case Study ExampleOverstating of revenues and the understating of expenses Revenues can be magnified so as to show that the partnership is doing well and that would attract new shareholders. The shareholders would be attracted by the addition revenues and that would imply that they would also get more dividends from the partnership because of the god performance of the company. The understating of expenses will mean that the clams of the company will increase and that will be appealing to the shareholders of the company (Kara and David, 178). The above facts will marque the rural area of revenues and expenses more risky because the areas will have a direct effect on the shareholders finding concerning investment decisions. The auditor should carry out all the required procedures to ensure that the pecuniary statements of the company conjecture a true and fair view and the information will be useful for the shareholders and separate company stakeholders. From the financial statements of the company, the operating income from sales has increased from 175.80 in 2011 to 197.40 in 2012. The increase in income is consistent with the increase in the previous eld. However, that should not be the case because the border of increase of tax is more than the otherwise years, which are 33.30 in 2011 to 51.50 in 2012. That could imply that there is a probability that either the revenues were overcastted or the expenses unostentatious and hence the area is a risky area. The company also has a reduced gross margin of 83.30 from 132.40 from 2011 and that could serve as an indicator for further investigations to ensure that there was no under stating of the expenses and the overstating of the incomes listed as other incomes. 2. Understating cost of sales The cost of sales can be understated to show an overstated profit. be of sales unremarkably increases because of inefficiency in the company operations. Efficiency ordinarily arises from the machiner y that are been use, the company processes and the operations of the employees. The company should ensure that it purchases its raw products at the lowest price possible to keep costs at a low level. The level of efficiency in a company is usually hard to calculate. The efficiency of the machines is usually dependent on a number of factors that may include the age of the machine and the power show available to the machine. In that case, the auditors should treat the area of the cost of sales as a risky area because if the amounts are understated, the investors are likely to get a loss because of wrong investment decisions. Most investors usually carry out an analysis such as ratio analysis that can be used to endure that the ratios are favorable for the investor. The change in the cost of sales as compared to the prior years as per the financial statements of Stagecoach Company is not consistent. The issue of inconsistent could act as a risky area that needs further investigations and the auditor should analyze that area. The cost of sales has increased to 2507.40 in 2012 from 2257.40 in 2011. However, the operating income of the company in 2012 is greater than that in 2011. 3. Current assets and liabilities The area of current assets and liabilities is a risky area because a company can overstate its current assets and understate the liabilities to make the financial position of a company to be more appealing to investors. That is not a good social function on the part of

Sensory Perceptions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Sensory Perceptions - Essay ExampleThis brief overview will examine the stunning perceptions and the factors that affect the authenticity and believability of information from the arresting nerves.Several reasons make great deal trust their sensory information and believe this information to be true. For instance, in the event that one places his hand on a hot charcoal or pot, the feeling sense sends an impulse to the brain, and one removes the hand from the hot objective before it is badly burnt (Miller, 2008). Further, the sense of smell is always accurate, and one can rely on that information to make informed decisions. The smell of smoke can indicate that an item is burning or that there is a fire burning somewhere.There is no reason for one to question the accuracy of the sense of smell. Furthermore, human sense of sight provides reliable information concerning the nature and appearance of the environment that surrounds people (Chaudhuri, 2011). For instance, if an individu al sees a someone running in the field, there is no doubt that indeed that person is running. Further, one cannot be doubtful of the fact that his look can see that there is a gruelling down pour in the neighborhood.On the contrary, sensory information can be inaccurate in several ways. For instance, past experiences influence the interpretation of the sensory information and end up giving vituperate information to the person who is observing a situation (Chaudhuri, 2011). It is possible for a person with past afflictive experience of infidelity to misunderstand a woman she notices speaking to her husband. Further, the sensory nerves do not perceive hidden things, and if people rely on this information, they index end up in danger. For instance, the eyes might not spot a thug hiding behind a tree, and one might make wrong judgments that one can walk in the street at night safely (Miller, 2008). The final reason that makes sensory information inaccurate is that people never int erpret data from the sensory organs accurately

Aluminium Foil ((Corporate Social Responsibility)) & Environmental Assignment

Aluminium Foil ((Corporate Social Responsibility)) & Environmental Impact - Assignment simulationThe availability of this element is so high that a there is very little chance of train ever surpassing supply.Producing aluminum is a process that needs a lot of push button in fact, the commercial growth of this coat in the late nineteenth century was predominantly as a result of the development and accessibility of inexpensive and ample hydroelectric power that has delayed the key source of energy for the sector. Energy that is exampled in the production of aluminum is trapped in the metal, thus if aluminum is re-melted in order to make it new metal, only five percent of the energy that was used initially is require as ninety five percent of the initial investment in energy willing remain in the metal. Since the production of aluminum started, used aluminum has remained a significant source of new metal and based on the industry estimates, almost seventy percent of the aluminum in use will be recycled eventually as it is less costly compared extraction of the metal from its ore.Depending on the previous use of aluminum, the life cycle of aluminum products varies significantly. When aluminum is used in packaging in the form of a foil, it might have a life cycle of roughly a few weeks but when it is employ as a cladding material in buildings, its life cycle may be approximately a century or even longer. This implies that aluminum has a positivist profile in regards to its teeming availability, durability as well as tendency to be recycled at very low cost in terms of energy (Green, 2007, p. 125). Therefore, aluminum foil can make a significant positive contribution towards the conservation of other resources in the environment. aluminium foil is produced from an alloy of aluminum that contains between ninety-two and ninety nine percent of aluminum, and come in numerous widths and strengths since they can be applied to thousands of applications. Aluminu m foil used for manufacturing thermal insulations in the construction

Comparative Analysis of The Cut-glass bowl and Benediction by F.Scott Essay

comparative Analysis of The Cut-glass bankroll and Benediction by F.Scott Fitzgerald - Essay ExampleCut-glass Bowl is a story nearly Evelyn Piper, a housewife in New York society who a superficial and pretty woman. Evelyn had been cheating on her husband of seven years for six months, and the affair was the talk of the town until the husband found out. The bowl in question is the center of this story because it disintegrates with Evelyns life to bring about several tr boarddies, and at long last finishes her. In the two stories, Fitzgerald uses the major characters to explore the issues of morality vs. secular, reality vs. illusion and the wistful sadness of romance, which is the condense of this comparison. The Benediction story presents a conflict between morality and secular. This is noniced when Lois asks his brother and friends at the seminary why they get hitched withed the brotherhood while still young. She believes that they should explore the other side of the world ( secular) before they join the seminary studies and commit to celibacy. She questions whether the decision to celibate before experiencing the pleasures of the world is good or not. This presents indecision that some tidy sum who strongly wish to join seminary may have. For instance, some young Catholics are held back by the trust to got out and experience the world before committing to celibacy. As a result, the decision to hold back on joining seminary at a young age might bar some people from entry the studies and thus, living a secular life. This might also raise the question of what the society thinks about celibacy, is it morally good?. Nevertheless, Keith and his friends are satisfied with their lives at the seminary, and from them we learn that celibacy at a young age is not a bad idea. Similarly, the issue of morality in the society presents itself through the actions of Evelyn in Cut-glass Bowl. Evelyn is untrue to her husband as she has been seeing Gedney for a period of six months until her husband found out, and that is when she decided to end. This portrays what happens in this New York society. Housewives become to a fault lonely until they decide to seek affection from somewhere else since the husbands are too busy to give them attention. Though this is immoral behavior, they believe that it is the right way to relieve their loneliness and frustrations experienced in marriage. Evelyn is also described as a heartbreaker defining her character before she got married. What is more enrapturing in the story is that divorce is not an option for Evelyn and her husband because it is considered immoral in the society. Therefore, this implies that having an affair is not considered wrong, but divorce is, which is supported by Evelyns husband who acknowledges that the affair was just a mistake. ingenuousness vs. illusion is also a concept widely explored by Fitzgerald in the two stories. For instance, in Benediction, Lois cannot smash what is real ity and what is an illusion. This is revealed on her visit to her brothers school where he is learning to become a Jesuit priest. First, she wants to end her relationship with Harold, but she does not have a reason to for this. She gets the illusion that things go away never work between them. She is confused about the true meaning or religion and Catholicism, in which she shows indifference towards it. However, something magical happens to her during the Benediction service whereby she experiences genuine righteousness (Brye 38). Her conversion reveals the underlying reality or ultimate truth that is

Week5 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Week5 - Article ExampleIn this article, the author argues that public representation is a worthwhile aim of public policy because public service has perpetually been a driver of kindly mobility for groups that have been excluded in labor market. Further, it means a symbolic commitment equal access to part or power. In addition, the author argues that bureaucracy should be more reflective of the economic status of citizens than pick out officials since it has an influential role in the policy making process. Active representation is also significant because the operations and policies of diverse institutions will appear distinctively from what they would be if the institutions employee were homogeneous (Selden, 2006).The United States has always been on the forefront in search of a diverse workforce via an emphasis on optimistic action policies and equal opportunity. To some proponents, moving away from plausive action as the main puppet for bringing both active and passive rep resentation in the U.S would go against the constitutional principles of the U.S constitution. They argue that it is ill-advised to ignore the ugly remnants of ethnicity, race, and gender in the recruitment, promotion and retention decisions in the private, non-profit and public agencies of the U.S. Research conducted by Gallup in 2005 showed that through affirmative action, minority rights and relations were defended since affirmative action calls for the rights of racial minorities.To some opponents, affirmative action is viewed as an equally division model of reverse biasness or discrimination that is not necessitate because of the progress that has been made in the antidiscrimination area. I agree that to some extent, affirmative action has at least tried to address the issues of ethnicity and race based on the ethnic composition of modern population (Selden, 2006).In sum, from the article, it can

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH CARE PRACTICES AND CLINICAL SKILLS Essay

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH conduct PRACTICES AND CLINICAL SKILLS - Essay ExampleAs far as taking care of an elderly soulfulness is concerned, the role of nurses is further emphasized. Though, tradition aloney the care of the elderly has been the responsibility of family members in the present society, care of the elder citizens is provided by the state or charitable institutions and nurses have a major role to play in these situations. The role of nursing is authenticated in helping sight move towards independence in all activities of daily living. They take up the role of a family member. Their actions have an impact on the individual and see their levels of dependence/independence and these include biological, psychological, socio-cultural, environmental and politico-economic variables (Roper et al, 2002).The economic, social and health status of the fast-growing elderly universe poses a great challenge to all sectors. The WHO has projected that the elderly population of the world will grumpy the one billion mark by the year 2020 and by that time, over 700 million old people will be living in developing countries. It is unfortunate to say that little attention is paying to the enormous needs of the elderly population because the National health services are still oblivious with tackling of the communicable diseases, maternal and child care. The World Health organisation has taken action to improve the health care of the elderly with the principle focus on community participation and family care, thereby promoting traditional family ties. The corner stone for supporting this is making optimal use of primary health care services (WHO, 2006).This turn up will highlight the role of a nurse in the health promotion of an elderly earthly concern suffering from dementia and diabetes, who has only a wife to support him and no children and is admitted to a residential care. senescence is a natural physiological process and there are many changes which occur in th e versatile organs of the body. The changes related to aging

The main changes facing International Businesses today Essay

The main changes facing International Businesses directly - Essay ExampleThe ways and means that are usually taken care of whilst managing a commercial enterprise are aplenty and it is only up to the top management within a company that the same feces be handled in a several different methods. They are the ones to decide as to what is the real look in which the firms operations would be handled as well as who will sharpen the respective departments, lead the business strategic units and act as legal and media representatives of the said business. The business, as marketers say, exists to meet its target audience through fulfilling a need courtesy its products and/or services or a combination of the some(prenominal), the same being true in case of a retail outlet which sells gaseous state to local consumers, thus giving in petrol plus extra services in the prepare of window cleaning, fuel gauge checks and so on and so forth. A company or an face needs sound management framew ork at its top so that the staff and the employees working at different levels feel at ease with the job as well as the working environment. This and so is very important as it builds long-term credibility of the brass that it cares about its employees. A formal organization takes into account the role of leadership at the top and the manner in which this leadership is basically carried about, both in the interests of the people within the company as well as the company itself so that the cobblers last result is one on which everyone solemnly agree, that is to make the company thrive from a revenue-generating angle and bod building aspect in the long run.

Managing the employment relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Managing the employment relationship - Essay Examplemmunicated down to the employees and workers is affected by line managers who privation effective communication skills and the information is ultimately relayed in an untimely way.Small and medium scale enterprises count on on relations between owners and employees. This level of relief fosters positive social relations of production and helps recrudesce close team working, and facilitate rapid and direct communication channels. On the other hand, this same informality situation also presents the problem for subjective, highly-discretionary, ill-informed and unjust managerial approaches.The negative outcome of this sterilise-up can lead to a poor firm performance and consequently, presents a poor safeguard for the protection of employee rights. Smaller companies tend to snub important labour rights of workers. Hence, there are calls for improving employee liaison and employee grievance procedures in small firms such(prenomina l) as SMEs. Generally, smaller organisations like the SMEs adopt varying degrees of informality in their labour management practices, thereof the adoption and incorporation of any formal employment regulation to these firms can be challenging in the area of compliance. A distinct possibility is to encourage these firms by way of specific government regulations to set up alternative systems for addressing employee rights and grievances.basic right for workers to extend a degree of control over managerial decision making in a Small and Medium Scale Enterprise (SME). Economic talent emphasizes that it makes sense for employers to encourage closer employee participation in the business as it creates more understanding and commitment. These practices real mean a lot to the participants and these schemes fosters organisational effectiveness and employee well-being. (Dundon et al. 2004)Direct employee participation takes on renewed forms. Direct participation involves individual techniq ues such as written and electronic communications, face-to-face

The Artist Henri Matisse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Artist Henri Matisse - Essay ExampleThe essay The Artist Henri Matisse analyzes Henri Matisses art. The art flora of Matisse was unmatched in a way that it was entirely different from rest of the artists of that era. He experimented with his creations and extended to the area of pictural arts and book illustrations. He has traveled on many sculptures and done many works which is of feminine organic structure form. These were simplified forms of females and had imagination at its core. As per Henri Matisse was a revolutionary and influential artist of the early twentieth century, best known for the expressive colour and form of his Fauvist room. The uniqueness of the art works of Matisse was in his imagination, immolation, colours and creativity. His style of painting was known as Fauvism. His strong brush strokes, acid fulgid colours are well known. An artist creates revolution when he brings in new meaning and style to art. Revolution is something which brings changes to the usual traditional style. Matisse can be counted as a person who redefined the artistic work and a person who had put forward his own style in painting. He has enriched idea on space and left the traditional style behind. His works were contemporary and had physical touch of artist. Being a revolutionary artist he painted with wide strokes paying no attention to restrictions. He scatter water colour into the artistic world and introduced new ideas to world. At his time art was getting change in a slow pattern and he was undoubtedly a pioneer. His style is revolutionary.

A Study Of The Predictive Effect Of Pre-Service Teacher Essay Example for Free

A Study Of The Predictive Effect Of Pre-Service instructor EssayABSTRACTThis paper aims to examine the relationship amidst the in-person acquaintance answerment (PKM) qualification of pre-service instructers and their instructional subverteavor skills. Supporting the sustainable get aroundment of instructors as professionals in the hit the sackledge society is a critical relinquish in teacher upbringing. This study attempts to identify an experiential model and a plan modelling for nurturing pre-service teachers PKM might. Dorsey (2000) PKM skills were adopted for constructing the theoretical framework and the survey instrument. A quasi-experimental research build was utilise to get wind selective information from pre-service teachers from Hong Kongs largest teacher grooming institution. A structural equation model was apply to seek the predictive power of PKM competency on their instructional tendency. Results show that a four-component PKM competency mo del, which consists of retrieving, analyzing, organizing and collaborative skills, was identify as a predictor of instructional design. Use of PKM tools, e-learning activities and collaborative action research for developing pre-service teacher PKM competency be inspireed to teaching raising institute.Keywords Personal noesis management, Pre-service teacher, instructor nurtureIntroductionspeedy advances in applied science and communications have greatly accelerated the emergence of information. The increases in the amounts and formats of information uncommitted do not automaticall(a)y make learners more informed or friendshipable, if a learner cannot manage and meld the accumulation ofinformation through their daily experience and study to construct knowledge in a systematic fashion. This competency is referred by most literatures (Frand Hixon, 1999 Dorsey, 2000 Wright, 2005) as personal knowledge management (PKM) competency. developing learners with PKM competency is not simply a lifelong education issue, it is excessively an important teacher education issue in terms of sustaining a competitive military personnel capital in the knowledge economy. Teacher development is viewed as an ongoing lifelong learning suffice as teachers strive to learn how to teach learner to learn how to learn (Cochran-Smith Lytle, 1999).The recent education reforms in Hong Kong ( instruction Commission, 2000) addressed this lifelong education issue by proposing a learning to learn slogan in the form _or_ system of government document. The policy suggests that teachers should develop educatee learning competence for acquiring knowledge through various rules. To develop students with knowledge encyclopedism skills, teachers should also be equipped with the competency for knowledge acquisition. However, since publication of the policy paper entitled Information engine room for Learning in a New Era Five-year Strategy that launched IT in education in Hong Kong (EMB, 1 998), the Education Bureau has not addressed this issue in any teacher professional development policy documents. Recent calls for consultation on e-learning from the Education Bureau likewise generated additional demand for developing teacher information literacy capable of supporting student learning (EMB, 2004).If the government and teacher education institutions really wish to develop competent teachers for the knowledge society, they may consider injecting the elements of personal knowledge management (PKM) into the teacher education curriculum for developing pre-service teachers teaching competency. However, little studies on teacher education were attempted to examine the forwardness of PKM on teacher learning and discussed the possibilities of injecting the element of PKM model into teacher education curriculum. This study aims to construct an empirical model for examining the predictive effect of pre-service teachers PKM competency on their instructional design skills an d to discuss a personal knowledge management curriculum framework for teacher education institutions.Literature ReviewA limited review of the literature impactd to knowledge management suggests that the development of personal knowledge management (PKM) could be a means of enhancing pre-service teacher professional competency in managing personal knowledge for coping with the acceleration of acclivitous information. Frand Hixon (1999) define PKM as a conceptual framework to organize and integrate important information such that it becomes part of an individuals personal knowledge base. Dorsey (2000) emphasizes the importance of injecting PKM into an educational framework for on a lower floorgraduate education in order to bridge the gap between general education and other subject disciplines. PKM could sue as a framework for integrating general education and majors and as an access to technology integration initiatives throughout the curriculum. PKM provides learners with bot h a common language and a common understanding of the keen and practical processes necessary for the acquisition of information and its subsequent transformation into knowledge. The significance of exploring PKM may contribute to human cognitive capabilities (Sheridan, 2008).Scholars tend to conceptualize PKM as a organize of information skills (Frand Hixon, 1999 Avery et al, 2001), though there is no standard definition or model for PKM. After Frand Hixon (1999) outlined five PKM techniques as searching, classifying, storing distributing, evaluating and integrating skills, Dorsey and colleagues (Avery et al, 2001) broadened the Frand Hixon PKM framework well beyond its formulation. Central to PKM, as clarified by Dorsey, are sevener information skills which when exercised unitedly are integral to effective knowledge work. These seven PKM skills are retrieving, evaluating, organizing, analyzing, presenting and securing information and collaboration for creating knowledge. Rec ently, Pettenati and Cigognini (2009) grouped PKM skills under three intertwined macro-competence categories creation, organization and sharing.PKM can also be conceptualized as an intertwined macro-competency. Wright (2005) proposes a PKM model that links classifiable types of problem-solvingactivities with specific cognitive andmetacognitive, information, social and learning competencies. As a learning competency, PKM enables learners to apply a set of learning skills that are essential to lifelong learning for information processing, knowledge application and decision-making. As a cognitive and metacognitve competency, it enables learners to apply complex thinking skills to solve problems. It is knowledge concerning the learners own cognitive processes or anything related to them (Flavell, 1976, p232). As an information competency, it enables learners to link technology tools with a set of information skills, consequently providing an intentionality that moves the focus from the technology more directly to the information.As a social competency, its underlying principles include alter learners to understand others ideas, develop and follow through on shared practices, build win-win relationships, and resolve conflicts. PKM integrates human cognitive and metacognitive competency (Sheridan, 2008), social competency (Wright, 2005 Pettenati Cigognini, 2009) and informational competency (Tsui, 2002). Wright (2007) has developed a PKM Planning Guide for developing knowledge worker PKM competency. The guide is base on his research findings that the four interrelated competencies are activated in order to plan PKM training. The training process encourages participants to reflect on their knowledge activities and focus on areas for improvement. If learners know how to control this process, they can internalize information into personal knowledge, creating a foundation for effective learning.Utilizing PKM for acquiring knowledge refers to a receiveion of informa tion management processes that an individual learner needs to carry out in order to gather, classify, store, search, and retrieve information in his daily activities (Tsui, 2002 Grundspenkis, 2007). In teacher education, knowledge acquisition focuses on the process how teacher apply PKM to support their day-to-day teaching and learning activities instructional design. Instructional design is closely related to PKM which is also one of the major learning capers for pre-service teachers. Instructional design is a process that involves determining the current status and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating instructionaland learning strategies to alleviate teaching and learning.There are a wide range of instructional design models, many of them found on the ADDIE model (Seels Glasgow, 1998 Molenda, M., 2003 Strickland, A.W. 2006) which includes the following phases analysis, design, development, apparatusation, and evaluation. This acronym stands for the 5 phases contained in the model. Knowledge acquisition for instructional design is conceptualized as identifying learner entry skills, formulating instructional objectives, test and design specifications, creating instructional or training materials, making recommendations and preparing a project track for lesson implementation.As instructional design is one of the key components of teacher professional competence, and helps to implement a new curriculum in the information age of the 21st century, exploring the predictive relationships of PKM competency on knowledge acquisition for instructional design becomes key to the development of teacher education.Research MethodologyIt appears that PKM competency can expand individuals knowledge and enhance their learning competency (Davenport, 1997, p146 Frand Hixon, 1999). It provides learners with a targeted, reflective and adaptable cognitive framework for inquiry and problem solving. In this study, knowledge acquisition will be conceptualized as the knowledge required for carrying out instructional design. This study attempts to answer the following research questions 1. What is the empirical calculate structure of PKM competency for pre-service teachers?2. Is there any relationship between the PKM competency of pre-service teachers and their knowledge acquisition for instructional design? This study adopted Dorsey (2000) PKM skills to conceptualize PKM as a competency for acquiring knowledge (see figure 1). A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study to see the relationship between PKM skills and knowledge acquisition for instructional design. The exogenous variables were pre-service teachers perceptions of their PKM skills. The endogenous variable is knowledge acquisition for instructional design. Aself-response quantitative questionnaire was devised to collect data from the pre-service teachers of Hong Kongs largest teacher education institution.Figure 1 Theoretical Framework Of Th e StudyThe operationalized definitions of Dorsey (2000) PKM skills are as follows1. Retrieving skill is the office of learners to retrieve information from relational databases, electronic library databases, websites, threaded tidings groups, recorded chats, and moderated andunmoderated lists.2. Evaluating skill is the ability to make judgments on both the quality and relevance of information to be retrieved, organized, and analyzed.3. Organizing skill is the ability to make the information ones own by applying ordering and connecting principles that relate new information to old information.4. Collaborating skill is the abilityto understand others ideas, develop and follow through on shared practices, build win-win relationships, and resolve conflicts between these underlying principles.5. Analyzing skill is the ability to extract meaning from data and convert information into knowledge.6. Presenting skill is the ability to familiarize with the work of communications specialists, graphic designers, and editors.7. Securing skill is the ability to develop and implement practices that help to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and actual existence of information.This study adopted ADDIE instructional design model to conceptualize instructional design as a multiple competencies that involves analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation of a lesson (Molenda, 2003 Strickland, 2006). The acronym ADDIE stands for the 5 phases contained in the model. Pre-service teachers learning on instructional design is conceptualized by the knowledge and experiences they come crossways in the 5 phases of ADDIE model including analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation.The learning outcomes include know how to analyse learner characteristics and task to be learned and identify learner entry skills to design learning objectives and choose an instructional approach to develop instructional or training materials implement the lesson and deliver the instructional materials and to evaluate the lesson plan and recommend the materials achieved the desired goals. The teaching experience that they had gained include determining the current state and needs of the learner, defining the end goal of instruction, and creating some instructional and learning strategies to facilitate teaching and learning. Instructional design is operationalized to the knowledge foridentifying learner entry skillsformulating instructional obJectives, test and designs specificationscreating instructional or training materialsand making recommendations and preparing a project report for lesson implementation (Seels Glasgow, 1998 Molenda, M., 2003 Strickland, A.W. 2006).The questionnaire was based on a number of dental plates constructed to measure the variables of PKM skills and instructional design. In order to develop valid items for these scales, the researcher conducted a content analysis on the PKM literature of Dorsey (2000), Skyrme (1999). Hyam s (2000), and on the instruction design literature of Seels Glasgow (1998), Molenda, M. (2003) and Strickland, A.W. (2006). The questionnaire consists of two sections. Section 1 was used to measure the effectiveness of knowledge acquisition for instructional design based on 4 items. Section 2 contains 21 items designed to measure the teachers perceptions of their seven PKM skills. Likert 6 point scales were used in both sections to measure the variables. Likert scales are commonly used in attitudinal research. The Likert scale assumes that the difference between state agree strongly, and agree is the same as between answering agree and neither agree nor disagree (Likert 1932, quoted in Gay, 1992). The data was collected directly from target subjects utilise the questionnaire.225 pre-service teachers responded to the survey. Data was collected directly from them by means of the questionnaire. The subjects in the study were pre-service teachers from Hong Kongs largest teacher educa tion institution. Random sampling was used to collect data from the population. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out on variables using principal factor axis analysis to confirm the constructed validity of the tools (see table 1). The study is interested in a theoretical solution uncontaminated by unique and error variability and is designed with a framework on the basis of underlying constructs that are expected to produce sources on the discover variables.Principal axis factor (PAF) analysis, which aims to reveal the underlying factors that produce the correlation or correlations among a set of indicators with the assumption of an implicit underlying factor model, was applied separately to the items from the learning processes and learning outcomes. Promax rotation, a method of oblique rotation which assumes that the resulting factors are correlated with one other, was applied to extract the factors. An eigenvalue greater than one was used to determine the appropriate num ber of factors for the factor solutions. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was then applied toexamine the factor structures and the paths among the variables, using Lisrel 8.3 (Joreskog Sorbom, 1999). SEM is a collection of statistical techniques that allows the examination of a set of relationships between exogenous variables and endogenous variables.FindingsThe results of exploratory factor analysis, presented in Table 1, clearly suggest a four- factor structure for exogenous variables that are both empirically feasible and theoretically acceptable. An eigenvaluegreater than one was used to determine the appropriate number of factors for the factor analysis solution. Items were extracted with factor loadings greater than 0.6 across and within factors. The numbers of factor solutions extracted from a Promax rotation theoretically afforded the most meaningful interpretation. The process used to identify and label the factors that emerged was based on examining the derivation of the highest loading items on each of the factors. The reliability coefficients of the scales ranged from 0.792-0.821, which was judged adequate for this study. The results of descriptive statistics show that the scale means of all the variables are higher than 4.27 within the 6 point-scale, reflecting the participants tendency to slightly agree with all the items. The reliability coefficient (Alphas) of the scale for instructional design is 0.854, its scale mean is 4.33 (sd = 0.691).

Study of Teachers Essay Example for Free

Study of T apieceers try article of faith profession is alship rumpal looked up as a noble and respectful occupation because the instructors feed k straightledge for the nation. Something cliche, with turn up them thither would non be every doctors, engineers, astronauts, politicians and the list goes on. However, how many a nonher(prenominal) spate realise that at that place atomic number 18 count little of obstacles in becoming an utile instructor? I exit be discussing on todays app atomic number 18nt phenomena that involves the reality in commandment in our really own beloved farming, Malaysia. instructors face challenges in the naturalize when they do not receive co-operation from the p arnts. It is obvious that pargonnts support squeeze kayoed be shown by dint of the simplest fill of attending the schools P arnt Teacher Association gibeing, providing generous amount of financial support for school sportsmand, and b articulate and providedter the r ide of the school towards reformment. However, lately it has been reported in the national mass media about p argonnts complaints and dissatis particularion towards instructors approach in punishing their children. The issue that raised their concern involved the way teachers exert punishment at school.In fact, many of them lodged police report and even filed a law suit on teachers. Comp bed to the good honest-to-god days, parents al number 1 teachers to apply any variety show of punishment towards their children so they would be well educated and disciplined. Besides, thither are parents who complain when they gather up to provide extra support which usually involves little amount of gold to purify the timber of their childrens discipline at school. In addition, disciplinary line, which is not a tale, really happens in school and the people who are involved are the scholarly persons.Therefore, all of us be in possession of to be full of life of students disciplinary problems that are becoming uncontrollable because students go to the extreme when they are involved in truancy, gangsterism, vandalism, locating problem, disrespectful and opposite critical unthinkable behaviour problems. Parental guidance is very important because a child naturally observes and imitate the adults actions. However, when the students are at school, the adults who these teenagers are with are the teachers, while the parents attend gain or substitute house chores.It is relevant to add that peer pressure also adds up to the make up disciplinary problems because they are easily influenced at this stage where they are in search for self-identity. The students who are less concerned about gaining fellowship usually lose their main objective of attending school. I lead not say that their actions reflect their parents attitude and behaviour for this one solid ground. In my opinion, around overinvolved or unaffectionate parents do not really k this instant their ch ildren.The students wear different masks at home and at school, which nub that they be generate differently at home and at school. Hence, teachers are to be solely blamed when their children are punished or shall I say, literarily abuse by the teachers when they commit disciplinary problem. How funny is that? If parents themselves are not convinved of the capability of the school as a whole, it is certainly impossible to successfully improve our terra firmas conceptualization placement. The interrogation to be asked here is why are the parents behaving weirdly?In relation to the countrys effort towards paradigm release and global thinking, it is indeed surprising to witness some citizens who still leave out of general acknowledgeledge and self-awareness although our country has been independent since year 1957. Anyhow, I am not 100% blaming the parents for this happening except these are some of the truths in our developing country. The next point is that being a teacher r equires the person to be physically and psychologically ready to carry the i shroudistic image of a teacher. Once a person is a teacher, he or she is automatically seen as a role model.In early(a) words, the teachers ask to encounter the expectations and demands from the public in terms of the specific way that teachers should behave, present themselves, and to some extent, pretend to be the figures that they are expected to be. Believe it or not, it happens. Practice what you preach made a discipline teacher at my previous school trimmed his hair until there was near completely none because he treasured to show the right example to the fellow students. People should bear in mind that teachers are homosapiens that cash in ones chips analogous others of their kind.It means that they have their own daily routines to deal with such as themselves, family, friends, society and the environment. In this case, a teacher is always a teacher no matter if he or she is deep down or outs ide the educational settings. Teachers are usually aware of the roles that they allow for play once they have decided to end up in this profession. Therefore, even if the teacher does not want it to happen, they have no other options merely to accept the fact that they are public figures, in a way or so.It is not so bad afterall because breeding is very rewarding once the teachers discover that their students excel in their academics and succeed in their life as individuals who are able to contribute to the community. It would take geezerhood and centuries for an effective teacher to be forgotten by the students, considering their performance at school. Teaching should never be a last resort for desperate unhired post-graduates who are job hunting nor does it should be seen as a relaxing job because of the short working hours compared to other giving medication professions.For example, the Malaysian political sympathies has introduced the Post-Graduate Teaching Course (Kursus Perguruan Lepasan Ijazah) to contract the post-graduates for the doctrine world. So now the questions are, What makes us so sure that they are really lodge ined in statement? and Are effective teachers born or made? . There are certain qualities and well-heeled types of personality that teachers should possess. I did a research on how students view teachers personality and classroom management in Malaysian secondary school.It was found that 90 out of 115 respondents (78%) mentioned that they are able to notice when teachers are not interested to teach in the classroom. Majority of the respondents agreed that they are able to do so by looking at teachers facial expressions and teach style. In my personal opinion, we should never just let any individuals without sufficient knowledge and suitable personality to be a teacher. Students are not ginzo pigs that should be constantly used in this kind of experiment, because this would imply a bad perspective on the statement profes sion itself. Furtherto a greater extent, students are able to think for themselves.If our education sector lacks of quality manpower in the tenet profession, try looking once again because there are many other qualified candidates who are sincerely wanting to work with the children genuinely. Next, where on earth do people get the idea that teaching is a getaway or escapism to a more(prenominal) relaxing occupation. Todays teachers are not manage yesterdays teachers, I am not being judgmental but it is apparent nowadays that teachers carry more responsibilities or burden, depending on how they perceive their tasks.Furthermore, they do not just have to teach but theyare given other responsibilities in the school administration besides. I could still remember having a split up conversation with two different teachers in a school during practicum. The first teacher mentioned that teaching has now become the second importance for her after other school related activities because s he has to handle co-curricular activities, school administrative work and other workloads. The next teacher who will be retiring in a hardly a(prenominal) years mentioned that her passion level for teaching has decreased for the increase of new responsibilities in school other than teaching.Moreover, in todays globalisation world, teachers are required to get in touch with new technology, new knowledge and new skills to be incorporated in the classroom as well as for self-improvement. An example would be the ability to utilise the computer and the internet choices to assist them in teaching. They are very fortunate because the government is also providing them with free laptops to assist them in their work, and hopefully they are able to utilise them to their fullest.Several years ago, my friend whose mother is a teacher asked for my clarification if I really want to take up the teaching course because from her observation, all her mother does was raw materialally routine work. B esides that, a tuition teacher expressed his surprise when I told him the analogous thing. Previously, I mentioned that teaching is indeed a noble job, and now whats with this clarification and surprise? It is not so bad afterall, isnt it? Maybe it should be mentioned over and over again that once a person becomes a teacher, he or she does not need to dream too more in changing the placement.After few years they will be red with the move and if they survive, thank God, whereas if they drown, just follow the light at the end of the tunnel. In other words, teachers still have to follow what the Ministry of gentility has planned for the schools. In my Professional Development class banter, I found out that not many educators are up there in the ministry to implement the changes and development in education. I think that we need real people who deal with the real school experience to be do the decisions in improving the school system.There was once an issue about placing the Exc ellent Teachers (Guru Cemerlang) in the Ministry of culture because it would shake the performance of the students and the school once they left. They should then be remained in the same school to gain ground the teacher and students by sharing their ideas, experiences and knowledge so that they can improve. I hope to see that my country has a well structured plan that is workable, so that precious time for planning is saved and the people can start progressing instead of lagging behind, wondering about the already knowns.We have built the tallest building, became the beat host for the Commonwealth Games, we claimed ourselves as a global community and there is no doubt that we should be able to improve our approaches in improving the educational system. In conclusion, teachers in Malaysia still face many kind of obstacles in this profession. In fact, teachers from all around the world might face the similar obstacles in the profession. The responsibilities, expectations, issues a nd happenings that relate to teachers really exist.Teachers play an important role in the society thus, everyone in the country should be aware of their contributions to the improvement of our national standard of education. Innovations IN THE CLASSROOM Efforts to make square offing more interactional and more fun for students appear promising, but it may be too soon to judge if they are positively impacting childrens performance in standard tests and surveys. Meanwhile, teachers complain that these efforts have added to their already heavy burden. Padmalatha Ravi reports.11 January 2007 The nosecount of 2000-01 showed that the dropout rate from schools in Karnataka stood at 10. 5%. One of the main reasons cited for the dropouts was that teaching methods used in the schools are archaic, and do not sufficiently motivate students to remain in class. studyists say that in addition to out-of-date teaching methods, inadequate teaching l stimulateing material (TLM) and laboratory eq uipment are also factors that contribute to dropouts. pickings heed of these observations the state government decided to revamp the education system in the state-run schools.Educationists and teachers were roped in to develop new teaching methods. An interesting curriculum, along with interactive learning, was the new mantra adopted. Chaitanya a special computer course of studyme to claim the teachers in adopting new interactive teaching methods, was designed. Chaitanya was an extension of the Nali Kali or joyful learning programme that was tested successfully in some of the schools in Heggadedevana Kote taluk in Mysore. Nali Kali was a collaborative effort of the state government and UNICEF. Both these programmes stress interactive learning methods.The teachers use colourful charts and stories to explain concepts from the textbooks. range of a function Students listening to a radio programme in a government school in Hebbagodi, nest Bangalore. More than 50,000 teachers have undergone training under the Chaitanya programme in the last four years. Both primary feather and higher secondary students have benefited as a number. Dr. T Padmini, a retired Head of the Department of Education at Mysore University, who was part of the Chaitanyas design team says The states intended curriculum is very well designed, so what we infallible was a child friendly way of teaching it.Boring teaching methods can cause accumulative deficiencies of interest in children, which may lead to dropouts. The Chaitanya programme teaches teachers to use stories, songs and even drama to teach concepts. on board government action, nongovernmental administrations too are leading from the front in interactive learning. Pratham, in Mysore, is promoting Universal dewy-eyed Education (UEE) by partnering with the Department of Public Instruction. The organisation works with government schools in the slums of the city. They run Balawadi and Balasakhi programmes in these areas.The Balaw adi programme prepares children for formal education using play-way methods, ensuring the children enjoy their school-going experience. Balasakhi is a remedial education programme, in which the NGO appoints a special teacher at the government school who aids the children in learning languages and mathematics using the special packages developed by Pratham. The government also introduced the trimester system to reduce the burden on the students. An instruction set for teachers Mr. Chandrashekar, principal of government higher secondary school in Mysore says Prathams intervention has been very useful for us.The children have fun learning Kannada and arithmetic and because of that it becomes easier for us to teach them what is in the syllabus. The children too like the new way of learning. Salman, a Class 4 student from Mysore, says addition and subtraction is more fun now. Earlier I was scared of arithmetic problems. The language kit developed by Pratham along with Dr. Padmini is i mpatient favourite among parents too. They say it is especially helpful to students who dont speak Kannada at home but have to learn it in school. The new method however is not without problems.Teachers say it has increased the burden on teachers. Meera Bai, headmistress of Sri Ramakrishna Education Society, Bangalore says It is true that the new method is good for students but we have to spend a great deal more time on preparing for the lessons and evaluating them. Giving individual attention becomes very difficult when there are more than 40 students in each class. Why is India still a developing country and what is fillet it from being a developed country? This particular question strikes me every time when I read something about Indias education system.I see Indias education system as a stumbling block towards its objectives of achieving inclusive growth. allow me inform you about certain startling facts. India is going to experience a paradox of nearly 90 trillion people jo ining the workforce but most of them will lack requiste skills and the mindset for productive employment according to a report in DNA. India has about 550 million people under the age of 25 years out of which tho 11% are enrolled in tertiary institutions compared to the world middling of 23%.I wouldnt be laying too much emphasis on the drawbacks of Indias public education system because it has been an issue well debated over in the past and the main flaws have already been pointed out before. I will be focussing on how the education systems failure is leading to another social issue of income inequality and hence, betoken certain policies to improve Indias education system and reduce inequality. The really critical aspect of Indian public education system is its low quality. The actual quantity of schooling that children experience and the quality of teaching they receive are extremely insufficient in government schools.A common feature in all government schools is the poor quali ty of education, with weak infrastructure and inadequate pedagogic attention. What the government is not realising right now is that education which is a source of human capital can create immense income inequalities. It will be surprising to see how income inequalities are created within the same assemblage of educated people. allow me illustrate this with the help of an example Let us take P be an individual who has had no primary or higher education. His human capital is zero and hence it bears no gos.Let Q be an individual who completed his MBA from S. P Jain college and let R be an individual who completed his MBA from IIM Ahmadabad. The average rate of return for an MBA student is 7. 5% (hypothetical). Q gets a rate of return of 5% and R gets a rate of return of 10% due to the difference in the reputation and quality of the management school. Let the income of P, Q and R be 1. In a period of 10 years, P will be having the same income as he does not possess human capital. F or the same time period Q will earn an income of (1+0. 05)10=1.63 and R will earn an income of (1+0. 10)10=2. 59. Now lets see what happens when the rate of return on human capital doubles. Earnings of P will not change since he does not have any human capital. Now Q is going to earn (1+0. 10)10=1. 63 and R is going to earn (1+0. 20)10=6. 19. Flabbergasting As soon as return on human capital increases pro rata income inequality increases. With return on human capital doubling, QS income increases by 59% and Rs income increases by 139%. The above example just shows the effect of the quality of human capital n income inequality.So if the government does not improve education system particularly in rural areas the rich will become richer and the poor will get poorer. Hence, it is imperative for the government to correct the blemishes in Indias education system which will also be a step towards reducing income inequality. Certain polity measures need to be taken by the government. The basic thrust of government education spending today must surely be to ensure that all children have access to government schools and to raise the quality of education in those schools.One of the ways in which the problem of poor quality of education can be tackled is through common schooling. This essentially means sharing of resources amid privy and public schools. Shift system is one of the ways through which common schooling can be achieved. The private school can use the resources during the first half of the day and the government school can use it during the second half. It is important to remember that the quality of education is directly linked to the resources available and it is important for the government to improve resource allocation to bring about qualitative changes in the field of education.Common schooling is one of the ways in which government can use limited resources in an efficient way and thus improve resource allocation. Another reason for poor quality of education is the poor quality of teachers in government schools . Government schools are unable to attract good quality teachers due to inadequate teaching facilities and low salaries. The government currently spends simply 3% of its GDP on education which is inadequate and insufficient. To improve the quality of education , the government inevitably to spend more money from its coffers on education.Most economists feel that the only panacea to the ills of the public schooling system is the voucher scheme. Under the voucher system, parents are allowed to choose a school for their children and they get full or partial reimbursement for the expenses from the government. But however, the voucher system will merely aggravate the problem of poor quality of education in government schools. Such a system will shift resources from government schools to private schools. This will worsen the situation of government schools which are already under-funded.Moreover, if the same amount given a s vouchers can be used to build infrastructure in schools then the government can realize economies of scale. For example- The centre for civil society is providing vouchers worth Rs 4000 per annum to 308 girls. This means that the impart amount of money given as vouchers is Rs 1232000. If the same amount can be used to conception a school and employ high quality teachers who are paid well then a larger section of the society will enjoy the benefit of education. A school can unimpeachably accommodate a minimum of 1000 students.I hope government takes certain appropriate policy measures to improve the education system otherwise inequalities are going to be widespread and Indias basic capabilities will remain stunted. Let us strengthen the case for a stronger education system. High instill Teacher Requirements Prospective high school teachers should enroll in a bachelors full stop program in secondary education with an area of concentration in the survey that they wish to teach. Alternatively, aspiring high school teachers may major in their content area and minor in secondary education.Most undergrad programs in secondary education prepare students for licensure in the state in which the program is accredited. Students usually complete a student teaching requirement as part of the curriculum. High school teachers instruct students in theater of operationss such as mathematics, history, English and science through classroom discussions, lectures and other methods. Also known as secondary school teachers, high school teachers evaluate a students progress in a playing area through examinations and coursework.An individual interested in becoming a high school teacher needs to be proficient not only in the font matter, but also in the administrative and technological aspects of the classroom. Teachers should also be able to communicate effectively with parents, students, and other staff members. Listed below are common requirements for becoming a high scho ol teacher Common Requirements Degree Level Bachelors phase* Degree Field Secondary education with a minor in orbit area teaching ormajor in subject area with a minor in education (also sometimes called a teacher education program).* Licensure and Certification Secondary or high school certification private schools dont require licensure* Experience Student or mentorship teaching to arrest licensure* Key Skills Passion and a self-propelling approach to the subject matter ability to retain names flexible teaching approaches specified to each students needs coaching and development techniques high level of organization*** Computer SkillsMaintaining a website and/or managing online discussion boards may be required** instructional and video editing software***Technical Skills Proficient in use of films/slides, overheads and other projectors and/or video cassette players and rec fixs, as well as photocopiers, scanners and other commonly used office equipment*** Additional Requiremen ts Background checks Sources *Teach. org, **U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, ***O*Net Online. Step 1 drop off a Bachelors Degree and Teacher Preparation Program State requirements or preferred course programs can vary.Generally, students will complete a major in the subject area they intend to teach with a minor in education or with concurrent enrollment in a teacher preparation program. However, some schools have students major in secondary education and minor in the particular subject area in which they plan to teach.Whether a student is enrolled in a teacher preparation program or another type of education degree, they generally complete a student teaching or mentorship teaching component in the program. Success Tips Participate in internship and student teaching opportunities. Most teacher preparation programs (and their varying forms/names) include student teaching however, there will likely be additional opportunities to gain field experience or complete volunteer work thr ough the school or community.Students should consider these opportunities to gain an understanding of the subject matter as well as to round out and populate their resume for obtaining positions after graduation. Become a tutor.Students who show a proficiency in subject areas, demonstrated by grades in related classes and cumulative GPA, are likely eligible to tutor these subjects through the school or university. These positions are often paid and students can specialize in one subject area or tutor in several. write out an alternative teacher program if applicable. Alternative teacher programs generally take 1-2 years to complete and are available to students who already possess a bachelors degree that is closely related to the subject area in which he or she wishes to teach.This can be an expedited highway to begin teaching for students who already hold a relevant bachelors degree. Step 2 Earn Teaching CredentialsAfter bachelors degree attainment, there are additional exams and requirements necessary to complete in order for a student to obtain his or her initial teaching credentials. These also vary by state. Generally, the student will have a basic skills exam in addition to an exam specified to the subject in which they intend to teach. These test scores in conjunction with transcripts showing completion of the bachelors degree and teacher prep program as well as state and federal background checks must be submitted with a completed application to the State Board of Education. States also require teachers to complete several requirements to obtain permanent credentials.This can include additional coursework, exams and tests. Some teachers may be required to earn a masters degree, as well as a minimum amount of teaching experience. Success Tips Complete additional coursework requirements online. There are online and hybrid online/on-campus courses available to complete state requirements for permanent credentials.This includes masters degree programs. U se development resources. Most teachers associations offer programs that teachers can utilize to gain additional teaching techniques and other skills in addition to staying current on technology commonly used in the classroom. Step 3 Pursue Voluntary CertificationAccording to the BLS, pursuing additional credentials, such as those offered by the study Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), can increase job prospects for teachers. The NBPTS offers the National Board Certification, which is an advanced teaching credential.These certificates are available in a variety of areas, including health, library media, mathematics, physical education and science, for secondary teachers. Teacher workload In high schools, it is important to consider not only the number of students per class but the nature of the class, and the subject the teacher is teaching. For example, a math teacher might have no problem teaching an advanced math class, or several math classes, with 35-40 student s.But an English teacher teaching four classes of 40 students would probably not be able to give the proper attention to scripted assignments from that many students, and might not give as many assignments because of the large number of students. Team teaching Some schools might have classes of 40 taught by a team of two teachers. The class sizing by itself is not necessarily an indication of the attention students are getting. Volunteers Some schools effectively use parents and upper-grade students as volunteers in the classroom.This type of instructional help may not appear in a schools info about class size. Teaching Methods in Indian Schools. An understanding of modern-day less formal methods of teaching is greatly needed in the Indian Service. Indian schools should at least reach the level of better public schools in this respect.This is especially necessary because the best modern teaching, especially with young children, takes into account the kind of personality problems t hat are basic in the education of Indians. Need for Knowledge of Modern Methods. Although there are some striking exceptions, principals and teachers in Indian schools as a rule are not introduce with modern developments in teaching, though educational leave has brought some improvement.The impression a visitor almost inevitably gets upon entering the classroom of an Indian school is that here is a survival of methods and schoolroom organization belonging in the main to a former period.The nailed-down desks, in rows the old-type recitation the unnatural formality between teacher and pupil, the use of mechanistic words and devices, as class rise , class pass the lack of enriching materials, such as reading books and out-of-doors material, all suggest a type of school-keeping that still exists, of course, but has been greatly modified in most modern school systems, if not abandoned altogether, as the result of what has been made known in the past twenty-five years about learning an d behavior.This condition is, of course, only what one would expect from what has already been said about personnel. If methods of teaching in Indian schools, with a few conspicuous exceptions, are old-fashioned, without, for the most part, the redeeming quality of thoroughness that some of the old-time teaching is supposed to have had, it is due almost entirely to the lack of training standards and professional personnel.An encouraging feature of the situation is that here and there one does find interesting and successful efforts to get away from the formal and routine in teaching a first-grade teacher trained under Montessori getting a delightful spontaneous practise out of her little Indian children young college women coming back from a summer-session demonstration school touched(p) with the newer way and struggling to put the new ideas into practiceStill other teachers using the Indian interest and talent in art to give Indians a creative opportunity a principal and group o f boarding school teachers demonstrating that Navajo children, proverbially so shy that they hang their heads and will not speak in the presence of visitors, can in a few short months, with the abandonment of the stiff furniture and stiffer troops routine characteristic of government boarding schools, become as lively human beings as any white children.These suggest the possibilities if personnel can be improved, if teachers can be helped by supervisors and staff specialists who know better methods, and if every effort is made to keep the education of the Indian in the stream of modern education development instead of isolated from it. Study of the Individual Child. Perhaps the most characteristic fact about modern education is the attention given to study of the individual child and the effort to meet his needs.This is the real justification for intelligence operation testing and for the whole touchstone heading. Given more knowledge on the part of the school and teacher of the health of the child, of his abilities, of the home conditions from which he comes, it should be possible to help him more satisfactorily to capitalize on what he has for his own sake and for the sake of society.So little measurement work has been done in government Indian schools that one danger in the measurement movement has not developed to any extent, but it needs to be borne in mind Testing, particularly intelligence testing, should never be used in a school as a means of denying opportunity, but only as a means of directing opportunities more wisely.Most of the talk about some Indian children not being worthy of an education beyond the grades is indefensible. It is based on a misconception of the reason why society furnishes schooling at all. Discovery of low mental ability in any child, white or Indian, no more relieves society of the responsibility of educating him than diagnosis of a weak fondness by a physician would relieve society from giving the person thus diagnosed a venture at lifein both cases the diagnosis becomes the first step in a process of improvement.

Neurosis and a Psychosis Essay Example for Free

Neurosis and a Psychosis EssayA major part of clinical psychological science is the diagnoses and treatment of moral ailments. This can often be catchy and controversial due to the feature that some of the disorders can be confused with others there arent always clear guidelines in which to follow. An example of this mental perplexity can be seen in the disorders Neurosis and Psychosis. Neither neurosis nor psychoses turn out as major categories in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III). The main basis for this is that both categories were fairly broad and include a number of mental disorders with quite dissimilar marks. Consequently, mental health professionals did not always play off on the diagnosis for a particular diligent. Neurosis is a functional (Psychogenic) disorder consisting of a symptom or symptoms caused, though usu altogethery unknown to the patient, by a mental disorder. The four comm unrivalledst are fretfulness State, Reactive Depression, Hysteria and Obsessive-Compulsive Neurosis. We all know what it is to feel nauseating. Anxiety becomes abnormal when it is out of all proportion to the cause, or when it continues long after the cause has been removed.Patients with other mental illnesses often feel anxious from time to time, but the term concern neurosis is used to describe the illness in which anxiety is the main feature and the patient feels anxious all the time. Reactive Depression is a form of impression where the cause is known i.e. marriage break-up or bereavement. Reactive depression can be classed as a neurosis as it is an exaggeration of the normal expected response to much(prenominal) situations. In medical quarrel the word Hysteria is used to mean that a symptom is beyond the patients control. If I acquit to hire an examination tomorrow and to get out of it I ring up and say that I cannot seem because I am going to the dentist, I am malingering. I am quite deliberately corpu lent a lie to get out of taking the examination. But if, on the morning of the examination, I igniteup with a raging toothache although there is nothing wrong with my tooth, this is hysteria. thither is nothing wrong, but the pain is genuine. I am quite truly incapable of sitting the examination. The symptom is out of my conscious(p) control and has become hysteric.Hysterical symptoms always serve to get us out of some unpalatable situation, to gain us some advantage, or to solve some conflict for us. People in whom hysterical symptoms are so pronounced that they can no longer lead a normal living are said to be suffering from hysteria. Some slew bequeath not walk under(a) a ladder a few would be really worried if you asked them to do so. They are ghost by the thought that it is unlucky. Some volume feel compelled to throw spilt salt over their shoulders. If a person is obsessed by a thought to such an design, or compelled to perform certain actions so much that he/she i s unable to lead a normal life he/she is suffering from obsessive-compulsive neurosis. The obsessions and compulsions recurrence legion(predicate) unalike forms. The patient knows that they are unreasonable but are unable to control them. oneness of the most common compulsions is the need to wash time and time again another is extreme tidiness.The one thing all of the above disorders have in common is that all arise from external factors. So a neurosis occurs when the mind is affected by factors arising in the environment. A psychosis however, differs in that it is a mental illness arising in the mind itself. The psychosis can be divided into those in which physical disease plays a major part and those in which it does not. These subdivisions are called perfect psychosis and functional psychosis. Dementia and Infective-exhaustive psychosis are the main organic psychoses. The main functional psychoses are Schizophrenia and Manic-depressive psychosis. Dementia is the mental illne ss associated with decay or deterioration of the brain. It usually occurs in mint over 60, but occasionally earlier. In old people it is called senile dementia. Most people retain their faculties quite well, but sometimes the brain ages and becomes diseased fleck the body remains comparatively healthy.The symptoms of dementia are those popularly known as second child-hood. The patient forgets the immediate past but remembers his early life clearly. He doesnt recognize people he knows well, frequently forgets where he has put things, doesnt know where he is or what day it is. Small changes in his routine make him confused. He is unable to grasp any new ideas. Sometimes he is highly obstinate and at others quitedocile. Physical illnesses, which are accompanied by infection or debilitation sometimes, give rise to mental symptoms. The most common is puerperal septicaemia or infection undermentioned childbirth. Others are pneumonia, influenza, tuberculosis, cancer and sometimes disea ses of the nervous system. The patient is restless, sleeps little and when he does he has vivid dreams which he believes are real. He cannot think clearly and does not know what is going on. He sees and hears what is not there, whitethorn lose his memory and is often incoherent and noisy. He lives half in this world and half in a dream world. Schizophrenia is the most common of the psychosis and the most difficult to understand.There are different types of schizophrenia and symptoms may vary from being moody and difficult to the most bizarre thoughts and actions. The patient may hear voices and see things that are not there. This is called being hallucinated. He thinks in a way that is enigmatical to normal people. He may hold beliefs, which to ordinary people around him are quite untenable, such as that his arms are stuffed with cotton wool. Such beliefs are called delusions. He often thinks that everything that happens refers to him and that other people are conspiring against h im. He is sometimes apathetic or stuporose and is given to acting suddenly, without warning. The popular term confused mind, although not accurate, may have come from the way in which these patients will laugh as they describe some dreadful happening which they believe has just taken place, as if there emotions had been discontinue off and no longer worked in harmony with their thoughts.Manic-Depressive psychosis, a type of mental disorder which alternates between phases of excitement and phases of depression. Often there are periods between these phases of complete normality. These are just a few of the disorders covered by neurosis and psychosis. One thing that can be noticed is the fact that all of the neurosis are caused by external environmental factors whilst all the psychosis are caused by. Another variance that has been noted is that many people suffering from a neurosis are able to accept that they have a mental illness whilst with a psychosis the patient believes that t hey are normal and cannot separate reality and fantasy.There are also differences in the symptoms of these disorders. Neurotic patients show exaggerated responses to events around them. These events are real and many people would react in a similar fashion just not to such an extent as the neurotic patient when insuch a situation. The psychotic however, responds primarily to events that are not there, imaginary situations or hallucinations or voices. An example of this can be seen here, NormalSo Roberts got the job? Oh well, I suppose my face just didnt fit.NeuroticIts always the same. Jealous Thats what they are. I should have been promoted long ago, but there just determined to see I dont get on. They gang up against me each time.PsychoticThe government knows I have the secret formula, which will split the earth in dickens. Their agents are following me everywhere. Youre one of them you cant realize me. The neurotic believes something that is possible, but not probable. The psy chotic believes something that is quite impossible. The differences between these two disorders, neurosis and psychosis, may appear small but they can help in the diagnoses and treatment of patients. It can be very difficult to treat a patient when the cause of their illness is unknown or when the illness itself is difficult to understand. It is for this reason that mental health professionals need to categorise mental disorders as clearly and concisely as possible.The DSM-III dropped the entries of neurosis and psychosis and split them down into subdivisions to try to enable better diagnosis but there is still confusion as to the differences between neurosis and psychosis. There is not only a difference between the two but also a difference in each individual case. Different things effect people in different ways and many people although share the same illness have whole different symptoms. Every case should be looked at individually and treated as such. Instead of looking at for the best treatment for neurosis, it would be better to look for the best treatment for an individual.Dean Waring 28 / 02 / 2001 gate to psychology Atkinson Hilgard 1983The science of mind and behaviour Gross 1999The oxford companion to the mind Gregory 1987

Political Oppositions Abortions Essay Example for Free

Political Oppositions Abortions Essay grey-headed Righteous with its Solid as a rock slogan is the political party for you. Not save do we stand behind invariablyy word we say our backing comes from a long seam of leaders that also support our beliefs. We acquit been around for fifty years and counting. Old Righteous deals that if whatsoeverthing is non broken then dont fix it. We apply this method with every aspect of our campaign. unmatchable of the major topics of discussion that recently came to our attention is the opportunity for women to abort pregnancies. Pregnancy is a alternative that we believe is made before the conception of the child. During planned pregnancies women and men know that there is a baby to the highest degree to be born. When a pregnancy is not planned they are other options to prevent it from happening. As bingle of the more proven methods of birth control, abstinence has always proven to be affective. Although it may be ace of the hardes t for some couples we stand behind it 100%. Also unmarried couple should thoroughly discuss what theyre plans are if they intend to have intercourse and get pregnant. These topics allow enlighten the mind of the younger generation. It allow for also guess them think twice about just making bad decision they will have to pay for later.We consider an unborn fetus to be a child in the roughly precious developing stages of his or her life. Because he or she is not able to defend him or she in this battle means that there should be more traditional beliefs standing behind them to prevent it from ever occurring.Abortion is some that should not be a resort. Many agencies offer adoption and transfer of cargo hold to family and friends. These children deserve life. It was destined for them to be born or they would have never been made. No one should have the choice to terminate the existences of another human being beginning.Campaign Names Todays womanSlogan Pro Choice is the only Choi ce life is only life is planned societys PlatformTodays Woman is the debating campaign that believes pro choice is the only choice life is only life if it is planned Todays Woman believes that many people make mistakes and should not be punished for them. Having a child is a life long decision and some of people are just not ready for that. Considering the amount of hungry starving children and the homeless state in society today keeping you right to abortion could prove beneficial.Knowing when you can and cannot hatch a situation is a big decision. Doing something about it makes you an adult. Many people get pregnant for the upon reasons and should not have to pay for it the rest of their life. Their children will suffer from some quality of mental bruise feeling their parents regret. Parents tend to not be married or split up for various reasons.Also, many children end up living in a single parent place due to unforeseen circumstances. Others are just left to fend of themse lves in the streets because of parent on drugs and short(p) living conditions. Child welfare seldom steps in to monitor many homes because the cases of neglect are never reported. This cause many other larger problems for the social economy.Todays Woman feels that no society should have to reproduce in or to satisfy someone elses moral decisions. To severally his or her owns is the method we believe. Some things work for a lot of people but nothing plant life for us all. Women should be allowed to do what works best for them. They should make intelligent decision based on their personal needs and lifestyle. If they make a mistake and get pregnant through some type of unfortunate circumstances they should be allowed to terminate the pregnancy without regret.Reference(2006). Life/Pro-Choice Debate. Accessed 5/3/2006. New York. Times Company. Website http//atheism.about.com/od/booksabortion/William A. Gamson. And Larry G. Peppers (2000). Simulated Society. (5th ed) Creating a Better Society (pp. 104) NewYork, NY. Free Press chip Farrell (2006). Amazon is anti-abortion. Accessed 5/4/2006. The Inquirer. Website http//www.theinquirer.net/?article=30429