Condi Reflection - 954 Words

Personal Relevance I see the similarities between Condi and me. I grew up influenced by Korean culture and spent years learning Spanish in school. In the military, I am in my fourth career field. These experiences have helped me remain aware of and deal with diverse individuals and the similarities between them. After working in other disciplines, two Christmas’s ago I came back to the Comm world. My first impression was that my new shop had the lowest morale of any I had experienced in my career. They hated coming to work, many wanted to separate, go guard, or just PCS. They thought their leadership underappreciated them and no one cared about them. They felt they had been abused with additional duties and were never recognized†¦show more content†¦Once the BTZ packages were written, all the SNCOs and officers in the squadron got together for the murder board. We tweaked the first Airman’s package spending hours working on wording it just right. It was tough work, but easy to do because there were more bullets and information than we needed. Once that one was finished, we pulled up the second one. That package was not complete. It was missing half the bullets we would need. All of us worked on it, because Chief insisted it needed to be submitted to the Wing. He convinced us that this Airman’s supervisor was deployed and he deserved it. We had fallen into the ethical trap of Loyalty Syndrome, due to our respect for the Chief. We worked on the second package, even calling the Airman who was on leave, to ask for more information. He could not provide anything useful. When we found that he had no volunteer bullets from the past year or more, the Chief directed him to help out in a local soup kitchen the next day. That should have triggered Healthy Skepticism, but I continued work on the BTZ package. Then during the murder board, Chief set up the Airman to lead a Top 3 sponsored highway cleanup that would occur after the package was due. In the end, the Chief worked on the package by himself for a few days, but even he finally realized he had made a wrong decision. We all lacked Healthy Skepticism thatShow MoreRelatedaccounting questions5035 Words   |  21 Pagesa company at   a particular point in time.  Ã‚   The balance sheet lists the assets, liabilities, and equity of the company.   Reflect on your pe rsonal financial situation, can you apply the concepts of the balance sheet?   What did you learn from this reflection? 4) Week One Exercise Assignment Basic Accounting Equations 1. Basic concepts. Jeans Marine Supply specializes in the sale of boating equipment and accessories. Identify the items that follow as an asset (A), liability (L), revenue (R), or expense

Case Study Starbuckss Success - 1571 Words

Overview Of The Firm Starbucks was founded by Gordon Bowker, Jerry Baldwin and Zev Siegl in Seattle, Washington on March 30, 1971. To help build their shop, Seigl went to California to learn from a coffee legend Alfred Peet, his â€Å"approach to coffee beans became the cornerstone for Starbucks s reputation: high-grade arabica beans, roasted to a dark extreme by a trained perfectionist roaster† (Business Insights) After a few years the corporation went public, Starbucks was experiencing rapid growth and success in their industry. In 1993, the chain had 275 stores and 425 in 1994. In addition to their success, they announced a partnership with Pepsi-Cola in 1995 to develop new ready-to-drink coffee beverages; this was the birth of Frappucino†¦show more content†¦Latin America is composed of 23 countries. The most influential country during the early 2000’s was Mexico, followed by Argentina and Brazil. Starbucks took in account the economic changes that Mexico was doing with the help of the World Trade Organization. Starbucks saw potential profit with this possible market penetration. Not only that but shipping of any supplies between the Host Country (Mexico) and the Home Country (United States) was going to be cost effective and fast due to the distance. Challenges and/or Barriers Economic Through out the past 7 years, Mexico’s economy has been slowly improving. When you go to Mexico you can see bigger shopping malls, spas, American food chains, and exclusive restaurants. This is due to an increase of the middle class. Currently in 2016, Mexico’s GDP is $2.1 trillion, this is 2.1% growth compared to last year. This means $17,881 per capita. Mexico has lowered tariff and non-tariff barriers through trade agreements. Oil and gas reserves are owned by the government, but the energy sector is being private. The financial sector has become more competitive and open in spite of the challenging global environment. Banking system remains stable, and foreign participation has grown rapidly due to the growth in their economy Starbucks’ first Latin America location opened in Mexico City (Capital of Mexico), 2002. During this time, Mexico’s economy was going

The Health Condition Dementia Samples for Students- Myassignment

Question: Describethe Health Condition Dementia. Answer: Dementia: Dementia is a group of diseases which causes long duration and steady loss in ability to think and memorize. As a result, there is negative impact on the daily functioning of the person. Most common symptoms associated with dementia are emotional dilemma, difficulty in speech and language and diminished motivation. However, there is no effect on persons consciousness in persons with dementia (Cerejeira et al., 2012). Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause of dementia. Other causes with less prevalence include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal dementia, normal pressure hydrocephalus, Parkinson's disease and syphilis. Diagnosis of dementia generally based on the medical history of the patient, cognitive testing comprising of mental state examination, medical imaging and blood testing. There is lack of treatment for dementia. However, cholinesterase inhibitors like donepezil can be beneficial in recovering from mild to moderate dementia. Abundant literature comprising of clinical trials is available for the effectiveness of donepezil in dementia (Rolinski et al., 2012). Cognitive and behavioral interventions can also be useful in improving condition of the patient. Education, emotional support and exercise can be helpful in improving outcomes in terms of activities of daily living. Signs and symptoms of dementia include balance difficulty, tremor, eating problem, speech problem, memory decline, restlessness, visual problem, agitation, anxiety, impulsivity, delusions, loss of appetitie and sleep disorder (Bourgeois and Hickey, 2011; Dorothy et al., 2015; Larson et al., 2013). Prevalance of Dementia: In Australia, 8.8 % people of age 65 and above have dementia. Approximately, 43 % people of age 85 and above has dementia. Approximately, 1 % people below age 60 are associated with dementia. 50 % of the aged people in the Australian Government funded aged care facilities are associated with dementia. In 2013, it was estimated that dementia was the second prominent cause of death in Australia. Death due to dementia was estimated to be 7.4 % of all deaths. Median age of people with death due to dementia was 88 years (AIHW, 2015). In Japan, 21 % people above 65 years of age are associated with dementia. Projected number of people with dementia is estimated to be 42.3 million by 2020 and 81.1 million by 2040 (Prince et al., 2016). Treatment of Dementia: Psychologial therapies, medications and non-medication therapies can be provided to the patient for treatment and management of dementia. Psychological therapies for dementia include music therapy, reminiscence therapy, cognitive reframing, validation therapy and mental exercises. Improvement in the dementia in psychological therapies can be evaluated by using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). In psychological therapies different scales like Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Geriatric Depression Scale short form (GDS-SF) and Todai-shiki Observational Rating Scale (TORS) can be used to assess improvement in the patient. Music therapy in the young people would be helpful in memorizing the names. Reminiscence therapy uses history in the written and oral form for improving psychological condition of the patient. Research indicated that reminiscence therapy is useful in improving cognitive function and quality of life of patient. Reminiscence therapy is useful in dement ia of Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia type (Langa et al., 2014). Cognitive reframing deals with the identification of the unreasonable thoughts and correcting it. From the literature, it is evident that application of cognitive reframing helped in improving memory of the people. In cognitive reframing people should be told that they can improve their memory by changing their opinion about dementia. Validation therapy is based on the acknowledgement of the others opinions, however there is very less evidence available for the implementation of this therapy in dementia. Cognitive training is based on the principle that cognitive capability can be improved by performing exercise by the brain (Lochhead et al., 2016). Medications for dementia cant improve actual disease process, however these can improve cognitive and behavioral symptoms. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor like donepezil proved useful in different types of dementia like Alzheimer disease, Parkinson's disease and vascular dementia. N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker like memantine also proved useful in dementia. Donepezil and memantine can be used in combination for dementia because their mechanisms of action are different (Alsaeed et al., 2016). Non-medication therapies like occupational therapy, modification in the environment and modification of tasks can be implemented for the management of dementia. Occupational therapy deals with the making safe home and coping behaviors. By this accidents and risk behaviors can be avoided. Modification of the environment involves reducing noise, hence dementia person can concentrate more on the given task. Modifying tasks involve proper structuring of the activities, hence, there would be less confusion in the person with dementia (Farina, 2012). Health Professionals: Psychologist should be involved in the management of dementia. Psychologist can provide their services at different settings like homes, residential care facilities, clinics and hospitals. Psychologist perform different tasks like assessment of type of dementia, counseling to patient and family members, assistance to staff, education to patient, family members and staff, guidance to improve daily functions and provision of evidence based dementia management. Prognosis and diagnosis along with future planning and decision making are the most important roles played by the psychologist. Psychologist are well versed with decision making, relevant legislation and skills related to dementia. Psychologist has important role in the treatment of patients with life-long dementia because management of these patients is difficult for the healthcare staff in hospitals and clinics. Psychologist plays important role in diffentiating dementia form other psychological conditions like delirium and dep ression (Moonga and Likupe, 2016; Molinuevo et al., 2013). Nurse can build effective communication and interaction with dementia patient to build trust. This trust can be helpful in accurate assessment of the patient. Nurse can empower dementia people by providing ideal environment for the people with dementia. Nurse should understand behavior of the dementia patient and make them feel more relaxed, safe and sound. Nurse should inform exact condition of patient honestly to patient and family members and provide person centered and family centered care. Patients with dementia may forget to take medications, hence nurse should make sure that patients are consuming medications on the scheduled timings. If patient is not taking medications due to psychological issues, nurse should put this issue in meeting and discussion comprising of nurse, doctor, pharmacist and family members and should take best decision in interest of patient. Nurse also should take care of adequate intake of fluid and nutrition, exercise and use of toilets for dementia pat ients because they may be forget it (Lipton and Marshall, 2012; Rahman, 2017). Financial impact: Dementia condition has significant impact on the financial aspects of family and community. It is reported that 1/3 of the people with job has to quit their job or reduce working hours due to dementia. Approximately 15 % of the people have to sell their personal belongings to earn money for medical and psychological management of dementia. Approximately 50 % people reported that they have to spend their savings for cure of dementia condition. Moreover, in most of the parts of the world dementia care doesnt come under insurance policies and there are no subsidies for the management of dementia (van Vliet et al., 2010). In dementia condition financial burden is also more because improper diagnosis of the condition. In dementia patients multiple psychological factors are involved. Hence, it would be difficult for the doctor to make accurate diagnosis. Inaccurate diagnosis may lead to the wrong treatment to the patients. This leads to the unnecessary and unproductive spending on the deme ntia condition. There is no fixed protocol available for the management of dementia because dementia management may vary from person to person, which may lead to financial burden on family members and community. Dementia can also increase national spending on the management of dementia. There should be allocation of one of the family members for the management of dementia. In such cases, caregiver person cant concentrate on the job or has to leave the job. It has double impact on the financial condition of the family. Family has to spend money on the treatment of dementia and additionally there would less income for the family due to jobless members of the family. Dementia condition mainly occurs in the elderly persons. In general, elderly people are non-earning people and there is more spending on them for dementia treatment. Persons with dementia may be with less movement. It can lead to other complications like obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Treatment of these additional com plications may lead to extra financial burden on family members (MacKinlay and Trevit, 2012; Coope and Richards, 2014). References Quote Dementia is not exclusively a problem of developed world Julie Bishop. (UN News Centre, https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=50339#.WQRU79Lytdg) Graph: Age distribution of deaths, by Indigenous status, age and sex, 2009-2013 (AIHW, 2016 https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2016/population-groups/) References: Alsaeed, D., Jamieson, E., Gul, M.O., and Smith, F.J. (2016). Challenges to optimal medicines use in people living with dementia and their caregivers: A literature review. International Journal of Pharmacology, 512(2), 396-404. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW) , (2015). Dementia. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/dementia/ on 27.04.2017. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), (2016). Health of population groups, Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/australias-health/2016/population-groups/ on 30.04.2017. Bourgeois, M.S., and Hickey, E. (2011). Dementia: From Diagnosis to Management - A Functional Approach. Taylor Francis. Cerejeira, J., Lagarto, L., and Mukaetova-Ladinska, E.B. (2012). Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Frontiers of Neurology, 3(73). doi:10.3389/fneur.2012.00073. Coope, B., and Richards, F. (2014). ABC of Dementia. John Wiley Sons. Dorothy, F., Forbes, S. C., Blake, C. M., Thiessen, E. J., and Forbes, S. (2015). Exercise programs for people with dementia. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4), CD006489. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006489. Farina, E. (2012). Dementia: Non-pharmacological Therapies. Nova Science Publishers. Langa, K.M., and Levine, D.A. (2014). The diagnosis and management of mild cognitive impairment: a clinical review. Journal of the American Medical Association, 312(23), 255161. Larson, E.B., Yaffe, K., Langa, K.M. (2013). New insights into the dementia epidemic. The New England Journal of Medicine, 369(24), 22757 Lochhead, J.D., Nelson, M.A., and Maguire, G.A. (2016). The treatment of behavioral disturbances and psychosis associated with dementia. Psychiatria Polska, 50(2), 311-22 Lipton, A.M., and Marshall, C.D. (2012). The Common Sense Guide to Dementia For Clinicians and Caregivers. Springer Science Business Media. MacKinlay, E., and Trevit, C. (2012). Finding Meaning in the Experience of Dementia. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Moonga, J., and Likupe, G. (2016). A systematic literature review on nurses' and health care support workers' experiences of caring for people with dementia on orthopaedic wards. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 25, (13-14), 1789-804. Molinuevo, J. L., Cummings, J. I., Dubois, B., and Scheltens, P. (2013). Early Diagnosis and Intervention in Predementia Alzheimer's Disease, An Issue of Medical Clinics. Elsevier Health Sciences. Prince, M., Gemma-Claire, A., Malenn, G., Prina, A. M., Emiliano, A., and Yu-Tzu, W. (2016). Recent global trends in the prevalence and incidence of dementia, and survival with dementia. Alzheimer's Research Therapy, 8(23). DOI: 10.1186/s13195-016-0188-8. Rahman, S. (2017). Enhancing Health and Wellbeing for Living with Dementia: Care Homes and Care at Home. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Rolinski, M., Fox, C., Maidment, I., and McShane, R. (2012). Cholinesterase inhibitors for dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease dementia and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 3, CD006504. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006504. UN News Centre, https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=50339#.WQRU79Lytdg, retrieved on 27.04.2017 van Vliet, D., de Vugt, M.E., Bakker, C., Koopmans, R.T., Verhey, F.R. (2010). Impact of early onset dementia on caregivers: a review. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25(11), 1091-100.

English Literature and Composition Essay Example For Students

English Literature and Composition Essay Laughter occurs frequently throughout One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey. Not only is laughter used to create a lighter feel throughout parts of the book, but it is an important part of many characters’ development. Through the use of diction, figurative language, and syntax, Kesey illustrates the theme that laughter is the ultimate cure.  Through diction, Kesey is able to demonstrate the healing power laughter has. As the boys go out on the boat, they’re all running frantically around the ship, yet McMurphy is â€Å"just laughing† (Kesey 248). The use of the absolute â€Å"just† helps add significance to the laughter in the scene. By â€Å"just† laughing, McMurphy is demonstrating himself the healing power that laughter has. He isn’t focusing on any problems, of his own or of the other patients, and he’s displaying his personality and identity by laughing. McMurphy’s laughter is just the start of the healing process for all of the boys. McMurphy’s laughter quickly becomes contagious to the boys, and â€Å"Harding is collapsed beside McMurphy and is laughing†¦.and Sefelt and the doctor, and all† (250). The repetition of the word â€Å"and† is extremely significant. As Chief uses the word â€Å"and† to continue adding on to the list of people who are laughing, he is adding people on to a list of the people who are beginning their personal healing process and finding themselves again. With every person that joins in on the laughter, the more effective and powerful the healing power of the laughter is. The immense amounts of laughter boost the boys’ confidence and help bring back their personalities. The laughter â€Å"swell the men bigger and bigger† (250), not only building them up in that moment, but permanently. As the laughter continues, each man on the boat regains his sense of being and who he is as a person. Simply by laughing, the boys re-establish who they are as people, and cure themselves of their loss of identity. The use of figurative language is another technique used to present the theme that laughter is the ultimate cure. As McMurphy laughs, it’s so genuine that he â€Å"spread his laugh out across the water† (250). While his laugh doesn’t actually spread out across the water, it’s so hearty and full that it can’t help but consume the atmosphere. By spreading his laugh out, McMurphy also distributes it out to each of the boys on the boat. His laughter quickly leads to theirs, which becomes their ultimate healing tool. The overwhelming spread of laughter takes over all the boys, and they â€Å"swing a laughter that rang out on the water in ever-widening circles†¦in wave after wave after wave† (250). The powerful spread of their laughter indicates the growth of their individuality. Just as the laughter spreads across the ocean, the regaining of identity spreads across the entire ship, curing all of the boys from their entrapment an inability to be themselves. As Chief laughs, he feels as if he is â€Å"off the boat, blown up off the water†¦high above myself† (250). Chief feeling as if he is lifted above himself represents how he is finally lifted out of the trap of his lost identity. With laughter, he is cured of his confinement to conformity and is able to discover his true self again. Syntax is also used to demonstrate how laughter is an ultimate cure. All of the boys are having a difficult time on the boat at first, and they all ask for help, â€Å"And McMurphy was just laughing† (248). By separating the phrase â€Å"And McMurphy was just laughing†, a larger emphasis is placed on the idea of laughter. By stating that McMurphy was simply laughing, Kesey is demonstrating the idea that laughter is simply an enjoyable moment that requires nothing more than being one’s self. McMurphy standing there laughing is the start of the release for the boys, which leads to their healing later on the boat. .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .postImageUrl , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:hover , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:visited , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:active { border:0!important; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:active , .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua90d14c187a013aae1f044a08da27a0b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dramatic Devices EssayAs chaos escalates, everyone becomes even more frantic, â€Å"While McMurphy laughs† (249). Once again, Kesey separates McMurphy’s laughter from the passage because it is the true factor in the healing of the boys. McMurphy’s laugh is so significant in the healing process for every single boy, and by allowing the concept of McMurphy’s laughter stand alone, it brings more emphasis onto how important of a role his laughter plays in the ultimate curing of the boys. Syntax is also used to describe how McMurphy views his life and how â€Å"he won’t let the pain blot out the humor no more’n he’ll let the hum or blot out the pain† (250). The use of the chiasmus makes it evident that even though McMurphy is suffering just as the other boys are, he won’t let it ruin who he is and what he enjoys in life. The realization by Chief that McMurphy’s laughter is his way of keeping his identity helps Chief and the other boys use laughter to find their own identities, which leads to them being cured of their loss of individuality.  By presenting laughter frequently throughout the novel, Kesey demonstrates the idea that laughter is important to one’s identity. By using various literary techniques such as diction, figurative language, and syntax, the theme that laughter is the ultimate cure becomes widely applicable to the novel.

Sociobiology Essays - Anthropology, Evolutionary Biology, Ethology

Sociobiology In the middle of this century, bot biological and cultural anthropology experiences a major change in theory. In biological anthropology, biological anthropologists adopted an approach which focused on the gene. They saw the human evolution as the process of genetic adaptation to the environment. In the mean time, there were also cultural analogies to evolution. Cultural evolution also followed a process of adaptation. In the field of anthropology, a very important theory is that of the sociobiologists. Sociobiologists focus on adaptation and reproductive success rather than progress toward perfection. Edward O. Wilson was one of the most important of them. He adopted an approach that focused on the level of the gene. He saw social behavior as controlled, in principle, by particular genes, and he saw evolution as occurring at this level because reproductive success amounted to increasing the frequency of certain genes in future generations. However, the insistence of sociobiologists on grounding at least some behavior in universal human genetic predisposition runs contrary to cultural anthropologists' emphasis on the primacy of culture itself as the determinant of human social life. Several distinct approaches can be identified in contemporary sociobiology. The first one is evolutionary psychology. Evolutionary psychology is concerned primarily with the analysis of the mind as a device formed by natural selection. The second focus is human behavioral ecology. It emphasized populations rather than cultures, human population biology, as well as evolutionary ecology. The difference from evolutionary psychology is that it focuses on testing the hypotheses that culturally patterned traits actually enhance fitness rather than mind. The third approach involves the search for human universals. People advocating this kind of approach concentrate on discovering the characteristics found in all human societies. (McGee and Warms, 1996) However, this universal evolution point of view is rejected by other anthropologists such as Julian Steward. Steward developed an ecological approach that focused on the adaptation of individual cultures to specific environmental circumstances rather than trying to find out the universal law of human evolution and adaptation. He devoted most of his energy to the study of the environmental adaptation of specific societies. He did not believe that cultures followed a single universal sequence of development. Instead, he proposed that cultures could evolve in any number of distinct patterns depending on their environmental circumstances. He called his theory multilinear evolution. He also proposed that cultures in similar environments would tend to follow the same developmental sequences and formulate similar responses to their environmental challenges. (McGee and Warms, 1996) However, the multilinear point of view was not proposed by other anthropologists such as Leslie White. White concludes that unilineal evolutionary theory was fundamentally sound. He argued that evolutionary development from simple to complex, with increasing specialization of parts, was valid bot for cultures and for biology. He also proposed a grand, universal law of cultural evolution by means of the control of energy as the key factor in cultural evolution: culture advances as the amount of energy harnessed per capita per ear increases, or as the efficiency with which energy is utilized increases. (McGee and Warms, 1996) Still, there were other anthropologists who proposed both a multiliear and a universal law of evolution. For example, George Peter Murdock was interested in the statistical testing of cross-cultural hypotheses. His cross-cultural comparisons of cultural traits in many ways paralleled Steward's theory of multilinear evolution. In the meantime, he also believed that a universal set of principle governed the relationship between family structure, kinship, and marriage practices. In this sense, his attempts to statistically demonstrate universal principles of kin relation s resembled White's effort to formulate a universal theory of cultural evolution. (McGee and Warms, 1996) Besides, William C. Boyd also suggests that there is no doubt that some rectilinearity can often be observed in evolution. Nevertheless, rectilinear evolution is far from universal. (Boyd, 1952) Another key issue concerning human evolution is the issue of race. The definition of race, according to many anthropologists, is based on the frequency of certain genes. William C. Boyd defines race as that "A race is not an individual, and it is not a single genotype, but it is a group of individuals more or less from the same geographical area (a population), usually with a number of identical genes, but in which many different types may occur." His definition or race is a genetic one. (Boyd, 1952) Echoing Boyd, Dobzhansky also suggests that races arise chiefly as a result of the ordering of the genetic variability by natural selection in conformity with the environmental conditions in different territories. He said that "since human population often, in fact

Alexander The Great Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers

Alexander The Great Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers Alexander The Great Alexander the Great and His Achievements Alexander the Great was the king of Macedon. Alexander of Macedon, or ancient Mecadonia, deserves to be called the Great. Alexander the Great was considered one of the greatest military geniuses of all times. He was an excellent king, general, and conqueror. During his thirteen-year rule he conquered almost all the then known world and gave a new direction to history. He had established an empire after he died. His new empire helped many people live their lives. He improved the way of life in his empire in many ways. Conquering other lands spread the Greek traditions and language. Alexander the Great was born in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedon (Martin 192). He was the son of Philip II and Olympias. Philip II was the king of Macedonia and Olympias was the princess of Epirus (Stewart 18). Alexander had many interests in military strategies (Stewart 20). Once when Alexander was about seven years old, a group of Persian diplomats came to Macedon to see Philip. Philip was with his army fighting neighboring tribes so the diplomats stayed and talked with Alexander. They didn't except Alexander to ask questions about the size of the Persian army and the length of the journey to Susa (an important city in Persia). This shows one of Alexander's early interests (Stewart 21). Philip decided to buy Alexander a racehorse when Alexander was ten or eleven years old. The horse was named Bucephalas. Bucephalas' behavior did not please Philip. Philip ordered the horse's owner to take the horse away but Alexander declared that he could tame the horse (Stewart 21). Everyone applauded when they saw Alexander ride the horse. The rest of the company broke into applause, writes Plutarch, while his father, we are told, wept for joy, and when Alexander had dismounted he kissed him and said, 'My boy, you must find a kingdom big enough for your ambitions. Macedon is too small for you' (Stewart 22). Alexander needed more than horsemanship and self-confidence to be a good king. He needed discipline. Philip worried that Olympias spoiled the boy too much. For Alexander to learn those things, Philip hires a stern and a tough tutor to teach Alexander. His name is Leonidas. He monitored Alexander's meals and exercises. Leonidas didn't trust Olympias. He suspected she tried to smuggle extra food in Alexander's marching gear. The man [Leonidas] himself used to come and look through my bedding boxes and clothes chests, Alexander wrote, to see my mother did not hide any luxuries (Stewart 22). Philip knew that Alexander needed more training. Philip sent for a teacher who was probably the wisest man in all of Greece. His name was Aristotle. Aristotle was born in a small township of Stagira in northern Greece (Barnes 3). Aristotle was a Greek philosopher and scientist. He is considered the most famous ancient thinkers (Barnes 3). When Aristotle was seventeen years old he moved to Athens, where he became a member of Plato's school. He stayed at Plato's academy for twenty years. Aristotle left the Academy when Plato died. Aristotle founded his own informal philosophical school in Athens. Aristotle lectured on nearly every branch of learning: biology, medicine, anatomy, psychology, meteorology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, music, metaphysics, rhetoric, political science, ethics, and literary criticism. Aristotle defined and classified various branches of knowledge. He sorted them into physics, psychology, rhetoric, poetry, and logic. He laid the foundation of the most of the sciences of today. He collected the first great library and established a museum (Martin 182). In 342 B.C. Philip invited Aristotle to teach his thirteen-year-old son Alexander. Aristotle's main love was philosophy. Alexander and Aristotle's discussion about philosophy laid the foundation for Alexander's ideas of what it meant to be a soldier and a king. Alexander learned from Aristotle the principles of zoology and botany. Alexander enjoyed literature most out of all the lessons Aristotle taught. Aristotle introduced the boy to the best poets and writers (Stewart 22-23). Alexander loved the work of Homer. The Illiad was Alexander's favorite. The tales of adventure, love, bravery, and loyalty excited Alexander. Aristotle gave Alexander a copy of the poem. Alexander carried the book everywhere and put it under his

A PESTEL analysis of Nokia Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A PESTEL analysis of Nokia Company - Essay Example The concluding section will make recommendations for the future based on the PESTEL analysis. Finland is a stable parliamentary democracy that has been a member of the European Union (EU) since 1995. It provides a remarkably stable home base for Nokia. A succinct overview of Finland as a politico-economic entity is provided by the Encyclopedia of Political Information: Finland has a highly industrialised, largely free-market economy, with per capita output roughly that of the UK.... Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important, with exports equaling almost one-third of GDP. According to the company website it had sales of EUR 10.3 billion and reported an operating profit of of EUR 403 million and earnings per share of EUR 0.14 in the third quarter of 2010.(Nokia, 2010) On the other hand Intomobile greeted this report by noting that while the overall mobile market is expected to grow by 10% Nokia sees its share of that market dropping slightly along with their value share. (Intomobile, 2010) Overall, Nokias economic position is strong but not perfect. Demand for a firms products and their ability to continue manufacturing them are the key elements in the social element of PESTEL analysis. Nokias core competency, mobile communications, is growing in terms of volume and coverage and, at the same time, innumerable new applications are being developed at an astronomical pace. In terms of its ability to thrive in a stable social environment Nokia is also ideally positioned. Its home country, Finland, is a stable democracy with a moderate gap between the wealthiest and the poorest citizens and a strong social support network. While not immune to the recent global economic meltdown Finland weathered it well. Additionally, Nokia